| Project/Area Number |
11691152
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| Research Category |
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B).
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| Allocation Type | Single-year Grants |
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| Section | 海外学術 |
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| Research Field |
Environmental dynamic analysis
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| Research Institution | Osaka University |
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Principal Investigator |
NASU Masao Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University Professor, 薬学研究科, 教授 (90218040)
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| Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) |
TANI Katsuji Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Osaka University Lecturer, 薬学研究科, 講師 (50217113)
TANAKA Keiichi Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Professor, 薬学研究科, 教授 (90068247)
MIYAMOTO Kazuhisa Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University Professor, 薬学研究科, 教授 (30028849)
YAMAGUCHI Nobuyasu Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Osaka University Research Associate, 薬学研究科, 助手 (20252702)
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| Project Period (FY) |
1999 – 2000
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| Project Status |
Completed (Fiscal Year 2000)
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| Budget Amount *help |
¥4,800,000 (Direct Cost: ¥4,800,000)
Fiscal Year 2000: ¥2,300,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,300,000)
Fiscal Year 1999: ¥2,500,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,500,000)
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| Keywords | Southeast Asia / river / environmental evaluation / microbes / fecal bacteria / community analysis / physiological activity / fluorescent staining |
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| Research Abstract |
Tropical rivers in Southeast Asia have been seriously polluted by recent industrialization and urbanization. There is an increasing awareness of the necessity for conserving fresh water resources and the importance of evaluating pollution levels. Such analyses must be performed not only using chemical methods but also biological ones. In this study, the structure and dynamics of microbial communities in tropical rivers were analyzed at a single cell level by new methods, such as vital staining, fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and fluorescent bacteriophage assay (FBA). Freshwater microalgal strains for bioremediation and biomarker substances in aquatic animals for heavy metal contamination were also investigated.
In situ physiological activity of resident bacteria was generally high in the Kelang River Basin (Malaysia) and low but present in the Chao Phraya River (Thailand). Less than 10% of bacteria in wide and deep tropical rivers were culturable, while more than 50% of bacteria in narrow and shallow rivers and canals formed their colonies on R2A agar. Estimates of fecal bacteria in these rivers and canals were accounted for 1 to 8% of total bacterial cells, and most of them had physiological activity. These fecal bacteria could not be detected by conventional culture techniques. Thus, they should be detected at a single cell level. Water quality should be immediately improved by reducing or preventing domestic waste being discarded into narrow rivers and canals in particular.
The removal of chemicals by freshwater microalgae was also investigated, and 7 useful algal strains with high removal ability were screened.
Metallothionein (MT) in the freshwater fish (Crucian Curp) was evaluated as a biomarker for the contamination of pollutants, and this MT is expressed by cadmium and dexamethazone. MT should be useful biomarker for the contamination of heavy metals.
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