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Molecular Mechanism and Function of Ubiquitin-like System in Autophagy

Research Project

Project/Area Number 12308037
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)

Allocation TypeSingle-year Grants
Section一般
Research Field Cell biology
Research InstitutionNational Institute for Basic Biology

Principal Investigator

OHSUMI Yoshinori  National Institute for Basic Biology, professor, 基礎生物学研究所, 教授 (30114416)

Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) OHSUMI Masako  National Institute for Basic Biology, professor, 理学部, 教授 (60060646)
KAMADA Yoshiaki  National Institute for Basic Biology, assistant, 基礎生物学研究所, 助手 (20291891)
神田 大輔  岡崎国立共同研究機構, 生物分子工学研究所, 主任研究員 (80186618)
Project Period (FY) 2000 – 2002
Project Status Completed (Fiscal Year 2002)
Budget Amount *help
¥43,750,000 (Direct Cost: ¥37,300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥6,450,000)
Fiscal Year 2002: ¥13,650,000 (Direct Cost: ¥10,500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥3,150,000)
Fiscal Year 2001: ¥14,300,000 (Direct Cost: ¥11,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥3,300,000)
Fiscal Year 2000: ¥15,800,000 (Direct Cost: ¥15,800,000)
Keywordsautophagy / Apg / vacuole / protein degradation / ubl / APG4 / APG8 / APG7 / APG3 / タンパク質の脂質修飾
Research Abstract

Autophagy is a main route for sequestration of cytoplasmic components to lysosome/vacuole. Genetic analyses revealed at least 15 genes (APG and AUT) are required for the autophagy in yeast. These genes play roles on autophagosome(AP) formation, unique membrane dynamics in autophagy. Among them about half are involved in ubiquitination like conjugation systems. Apg12 is activated by Apg7 (E1), transferred to Apg10 (E2), and finally forms an isopeptide bond with Apg5. Apg12-Apg5 forms a tetrameric complex of Apg12-Apg5/Apg16. Another UBL, Apg8/Aut7 is activated by the same E1 enzyme, Apg7, transferred to Apg3/Aut1, and finally forms a conjugate with membrane phospholipid, PE via an amido bond. Modification of Apg5 by Apgl2 is constitutive and irreversible, while deconjugation of Apg8-PE by Apg4 /Aut2, a processing enzyme of nascent Apg8, is necessary for normal progression of autophagy. These two conjugation systems are similar to ubiquitination mechanistically, but quite distinct from other Ubl systems in several aspects. These two systems may function closely during AP formation, because Apg12-Apg5 and Apg8 colocalize in a perivacuolar structure named PAS and Apg8-PE level is severely reduced by the defect in Apg12 system. PAS, preautophagosomal structure in which many Apg proteins are associated, plays essential roles for AP formation, but its precise structure should be uncovered in future.

Report

(4 results)
  • 2002 Annual Research Report   Final Research Report Summary
  • 2001 Annual Research Report
  • 2000 Annual Research Report
  • Research Products

    (71 results)

All Other

All Publications (71 results)

  • [Publications] 奈良, 水島, 山本, 壁谷, 大隅, 吉森: "SKD 1, AAA ATPase-dependent endosomal transport is autolysosome formation"Cell Struct. Func.. 27. 29-37 (2002)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2002 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] 野田, 鈴木, 大隅: "Autophagosome formation in yeast : De novo formation of membrane structure"Trends Cell Biol.. 12. 231-235 (2002)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2002 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] 久万, 水島, 石原, 大隅: "Formation of the 〜350 kD Apg12-Apg5-Apg16 multimeric complex, mediated by Apg16 oligomerization, is essential for autophagy in yeast"J. Biol. Chem.. 277. 18619-18625 (2002)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2002 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] 花岡, 野田, 白野, 加藤, 林, 柴田, 田畑, 大隅: "Leaf senescence and starvation-induced chlorosis are accelerated by the disruption of an Arabidopsis thaliana autophagy gene"Plant Physiol.. 129. 1181-1193 (2002)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2002 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] 鈴木, 中川, 吉川, 笹川, 吉森, 大隅, 西野, 石浦, 野中: "The first molecular evidence that autophagy relates rimmed vacuole formation in chloroquin myopathy"J. Biochem.. 131. 647-651 (2002)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2002 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] 鈴木, 鎌田, 大隅: "Studies of cargo delivery to the vacuole mediated by autophagosomes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae"Developmental Cell.. 3. 815-823 (2002)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2002 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] 水島, 吉森, 大隅: "Mouse Apg10 as an Apg12 conjugating enzyme : Analysis by the conjugation-mediated yeast two hybrid method"FEBS Lett.. 532. 450-454 (2002)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2002 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] 水島, 久万, 小林, 山本, 高尾, 夏目, 大隅, 吉森: "Mouse Apg16L, a novel WD repeat protein, targets to the autophagic isolation membrane with the Apg12-Apg5 conjugate"J. Cell Sci.. (in press). (2003)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2002 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] 水島, 吉森, 大隅: "Role of the Apg12 conjugation system in mammalian autophagy, Int."J. Biochem. Cell Biol.. (in press). (2003)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2002 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] 濱崎, 野田, 大隅: "The Early Secretory Pathway Contributes to Autophagosome Formation"Cell Struc. Func.. (in press). (2003)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2002 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] 水島, 大隅, 吉森: "Autophagosome formation in Mammalian cells"Cell Struct Funct.. 27. 421-429 (2002)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2002 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] 大隅: "Cellular Recycling System-Molecular Mechanism of Autophagy-"In Cell Growth Cold Spring Harbour Press. (in press). (2003)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2002 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] George, M, D., Baba, M., Scott, S. V., Mizushima, N., Garrison, B., Ohsumi, Y. and Klionsky, D. J.: "Apg5p functions in the sequestration step in the cytoplasm to vacuole targeting and macroautophagy pathways"Mol. Biol. Cell. 11. 969-982 (2000)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2002 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Noda, T., Kim. J., Huang, W-P., Baba, M., Tokunaga, C., Ohsumi, Y., Klionsky, D. J.: "Apg9/Cvt7p is an integral membrane protein required for transport vesicle formation in the Cvt and autouhagy pathways"J. Cell Biol.. 148. 465-479 (2000)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2002 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Furukawa, K., Mizushima, N., Noda, T. and Ohsumi, Y.: "A protein conjugation system in yeast with homology to biosyntheic enzyme reaction of prokaryotes"J. Biol. Chem.. 275. 7462-7465 (2000)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2002 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Scott, S. V., Nice, III D. C., Nau, J. J., Weisman, L. S., Kamada, Y., Keizer- Gunnink, I., Funakoshi, T., Veenhuis, M., Ohsumi, Y., and Klionsky, D.J.: "Apg13p and Vac8p are part of a complex of phosphoproteins that are required for cytoplasm to vacuole targeting"J. Biol. Chem. 275. 25840-25849 (2000)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2002 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Kamada, Y., Funakoshi, T, Shintani, T, Nagano, T, Ohsumi, M, Ohsumi, Y.: "Tor-mediated induction of autophagy via an Apgl protein kinase complex."J, Cell Biol. 150. 1507-1513 (2000)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2002 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Kirisako, T., Ichimura, Y., Okada, H., Kabeya, Y., Mizushima, N., Yoshimori, T., Ohsumi, M., Noda, T., Ohsumi, Y.: "The reversible modification regulates the membrane-binding state of Apg8/Aut7 essential for autophagy and the cytoplasm to vacuole targeting pathway"J. Cell Biol. 151. 263-275 (2000)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2002 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Kabeya, Y., Mizushima, N., Ueno, T., Yamamoto, A., Kirisako, T., Noda, T., Kominami, E., Ohsumi, Y., and Yoshimori, T.: "LC3, a mammalian homologue of yeast Apg8p is processed and localized in autophagosome membranes"EMBO.J.. 19. 5720-5728 (2000)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2002 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Ichimura Y, Kirisako T, Takao T, Satomi Y, Shimonishi Y, Ishihara N, Mizushima N, Tanida I, Kominami E, Ohsumi M, Noda T, Ohsumi Y.: "A ubiquitin-like system mediates protein lipidation"Nature. 408. 488-492 (2000)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2002 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Kihara, A., Noda, T., Ishihara, N., and Ohsumi, Y.: "Two distinct Vps34 PtdIns 3 -kinase complexes function in autophagy and CPY sorting in Saccharomyces cerevisiae"J. Cell Biol.. 152. 519-530 (2001)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2002 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Kihara, A., Yamamoto, A., Ohsumi, Y., and Yoshimori T.: "Beclin-phsophatidy linositol 3-kinase complex functions at the trans-Golgi network"EMBO Report. 2. 330-335 (2001)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2002 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Mizushima, N., Yamamoto, A., Hatano, M., Kobayashi, Y., Kabeya, Y., Suzuki, K., Tokuhisa, T., Ohsumi, Y., and Yoshimori, T.: "Dissection of autophagosome formation using Apg5-deficient mouse embryonic stem cells"J. Cell Biol.. 152. 657-668 (2001)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2002 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Komatsu. M., Tanida, I., Ueno, T., Ohsumi, M., Ohsumi, Y., and Kominami, E.: "The C-terminal region of an Apg7p/Cvt2p is required for homodimerization and is essential for its E l-activity and E1-E2 complex-formation"J. Biol. Chem.. 276. 846-854 (2001)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2002 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Kim, J., Kamada, Y., Stromhaug, P.E. Guan, J., Hefner-Gravinnk, A., Bevan, A., Scott, S. V. Ohsumi, Y., Dunn, Jr., W. A., Klionsky, D. J.: "Cvt9/Gsa9 functions in sequestering selective cytosolic cargo destined for the vacuole"J. Cell.Biol.. 153. 381-396 (2001)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2002 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Ohsumi, Y.: "Molecular dissection of autophagy : Two ubiquitin-like systems, Nature Review"Molecular Cell Biol.. 2. 211-216 (2001)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2002 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Shintani T, Suzuki K, Kamada Y, Noda T, Ohsumi Y.: "Apg2p functions in autopha- gosome formation on the perivacuolar structure"J Biol Chem.. 276. 30452-30460 (2001)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2002 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Ishihara, T., Hamasaki, M., Yokota, S., Suzuki, K., Kamada, Y., Kihara, A., Yoshimori, T., Noda, T., and Ohsumi, Y.: "Autophagosome requires specific early Sec proteins for its formation and NSF/SNARE for its fusion to the vacuole"Mol. Biol. Cell. 12. 3690-3702 (2001)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2002 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Suzuki, K., Kirisako, T., Kamada, Y., Mizushima, N., Noda, T. and Ohsumi, Y.: "The pre-autophagosomal structure organized by concerted functions of APG genes is essential for autophagosome formation"EMBO J.. 20. 5971-5981 (2001)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2002 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Noda, T., Suzuki K., and Ohsumi, Y.: "Autophagosome formation in yeast: De novo formation of membrane structure"Trends Cell Biol.. 12. 231-235 (2002)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2002 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Kuma, l A., Mizushima, N., Ishihara, N., Ohsumi, Y.: "Formation of the 〜350 kD Apg12-Apg5-Apg16 multimeric complex, mediated by Apg16 oligomerization is essential for autophagy in yeast"J. Biol. Chem.. 277. 18619-18625 (2002)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2002 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Hanaoka, H., Noda, T., Shirano, Y., Kato, T., Hayashi, H., Shibata, D., Tabata, S., and Ohsumi, Y.: "Leaf senescence and starvation-induced chlorosis are accelerated by the disruption of an Arabidopsis thaliana autophagy gene"Plant Physiol.. 129. 1181-1193 (2002)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2002 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Mizushima, N. Yoshimori, T. and Ohsumi, Y.: "Mouse Apg10 as anApg12 conjugating enzyme : Analysis by the conjugation mediated yeast two hybrid method"FEBS lett.. 532. 450-454 (2002)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2002 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Suzuki, K., Kamada, Y., and Ohsumi, Y.: "Studies of cargo delivery to the vacuole mediated by autophagosomes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae"Develop. Cell. 3. 815-824 (2002)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2002 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Mizushima, N., Ohsumi, Y., and Yoshimori, T.: "Autophagsome formation in mammalian cells, Cell Struct"Funct.. 27. 421-429 (2002)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2002 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Hamasaki, M., Noda, T., Ohsumi, Y.: "The early secretory pathway contributes to autophagy in yeast"Cell Struct Funct.. 28. 49-54 (2003)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2002 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] 奈良, 水島, 山本, 壁谷, 大隅, 吉森: "SKD1, AAA ATPase-dependent endosomal transport is autolysosome formation"Cell Struct. Func.. 27. 29-37 (2002)

    • Related Report
      2002 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] 野田, 鈴木, 大隅: "Autophagosome formation in yeast : De novo formation of membrane structure"Trends Cell Biol.. 12. 231-235 (2002)

    • Related Report
      2002 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] 久万, 水島, 石原, 大隅: "Formation of the 〜350 kD Apg12-Apg5-Apg16 multimeric complex, mediated by Apg16 oligomerization, is essential for autophagy in yeast"J, Biol. Chem.. 277. 18619-18625 (2002)

    • Related Report
      2002 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] 花岡, 野田, 白野, 加藤, 林, 柴田, 田畑, 大隅: "Leaf senescence and starvation-induced chlorosis are accelerated by the disruption of an Arabidopsis thaliana autophagy gene"Plant Physiol.. 129. 1181-1193 (2002)

    • Related Report
      2002 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] 鈴木, 中川, 吉川, 笹川, 吉森, 大隅, 西野, 石浦, 野中: "The first molecular evidence that autophagy relates rimmed vacuole formation in chloroquin myopathy"J. Biochem.. 131. 647-651 (2002)

    • Related Report
      2002 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] 鈴木, 鎌田, 大隅: "Studies of cargo delivery to the vacuole mediated by autophagosomes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae"Developmental Cell.. 3. 815-823 (2002)

    • Related Report
      2002 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] 水島, 吉森, 大隅: "Mouse Apg10 as an Apg12 conjugating enzyme : Analysis by the conjugation-mediated yeast two hybrid method"FEBS Lett.. 532. 450-454 (2002)

    • Related Report
      2002 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] 水島, 久万, 小林, 山本, 高尾, 夏目, 大隅, 吉森: "Mouse Apg16L, a novel WD repeat protein, targets to the autophagic isolation membrane with the Apg12-Apg12-Apg5 conjugate"J. Cell Sci.. (in press). (2003)

    • Related Report
      2002 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] 水島, 吉森, 大隅: "Role of the Apg12 conjugation system in mammalian autophagy, Int."J. Biochem. Cell Biol.. (in press). (2003)

    • Related Report
      2002 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] 濱崎, 野田, 大隅: "THE Early Secretory Pathway Contributes to Autophagosome Formation"Cell Struc. Func.. (in press). (2003)

    • Related Report
      2002 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] 水島, 大隅, 吉森: "Autophagosome formation in Mammalian cells"Cell Struct Funct.. 27. 421-429 (2002)

    • Related Report
      2002 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] 大隅: "Cellular Recycling System-Molecular Mechanism of Autophagy-"In Cell Growth Cold Spring Harbour Press. (in press). (2003)

    • Related Report
      2002 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Kihara, A. et al.: "Two distinct Vps34 PtdIns 3-kinase complexes function in autophagy and CPY sorting in Saccharomyces cerevisiae"J. Cell. Biol.. 152. 519-530 (2001)

    • Related Report
      2001 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Kihara, A. et al.: "Beclin-phsophatidylinositol 3-kinase complex functions at the trans-Golgi network"EMBO Report. 2. 330-335 (2001)

    • Related Report
      2001 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Mizushima, N. et al.: "Dissection of autophagosome formation using Apg5-deficient mouse embryonic stem cells"J. Cell. Biol.. 152. 657-668 (2001)

    • Related Report
      2001 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Komatsu, M. et al.: "The C-terminal region of an Apg7p/Cvt2p is required for homodimerization and is essential for its El-activity and E1-E2 complex-formation"J Biol Chem.. 276. 9846-9854 (2001)

    • Related Report
      2001 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Kim, J.: "Cvt9/Gsa9 functions in sequestering selective cytosolic cargo destined for the vacuole"J. Cell. Biol.. 153. 381-396 (2001)

    • Related Report
      2001 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Shintani, T. et al.: "Apg2p functions in autophagosome formation on the perivacuolar structure"J Biol Chem.. 276. 30452-30460 (2001)

    • Related Report
      2001 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Ishihara, N. et al.: "Autophagosome requires specific early Sec proteins for its formation and NSF/SNARE for its fusion to the vacuole"Mol. Biol. Cell. 12. 3690-3702 (2001)

    • Related Report
      2001 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Suzuki, K. et al.: "The pre-autophagosomal structure organized by concerted functions of APG genes i essential for autophagosome formation"EMBOJ.. 20. 5971-5981 (2001)

    • Related Report
      2001 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Ohsumi Y.: "Molecular dissection of autophagy : two ubiquitin-like systems"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol.. 2. 211-216 (2001)

    • Related Report
      2001 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] George,M,D., et al.: "Apg5p functions in the sequestration step in the cytoplasm to vacuole targeting and macroautophagy pathways."Mol.Biol.Cell. 11. 969-982 (2000)

    • Related Report
      2000 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Noda,T., et al.: "Apg9/Cvt7p is an integral membrane protein required for transport vesicle formation in the Cvt and autophagy pathways"J.Cell Biol.. 148. 465-479 (2000)

    • Related Report
      2000 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Furukawa,K., et al.: "A protein conjugation system in yeast with homology to biosyntheic enzyme reaction of prokaryotes."J.Biol.Chem.. 275. 7462-7465 (2000)

    • Related Report
      2000 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Scott,S.V., et al.: "Apg13p and Vac8p are part of a complex of phosphoproteins that are required for cytoplasm to vacuole targeting."J.Biol.Chem.. 275. 25840-25849 (2000)

    • Related Report
      2000 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Kamada,Y., et al.: "Tor-mediated induction of autophgay via an Apg1 protein kinase complex."J.Cell Biol.. 150. 1507-1513 (2000)

    • Related Report
      2000 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Kirisako,T., et al.: "Reversible modification regulares the memrane-binding state of Apg8/Aut7 essential for autophagy and the cytoplasm to vacuole targeting pathway"J.Cell Biol.. 151. 263-276 (2000)

    • Related Report
      2000 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Kabeya,Y., et al.: "LC3, a mammalian homologue of yeast Apg8p is processed and localized in autophagosome membranes."EMBO.J.. 19. 5720-5728 (2000)

    • Related Report
      2000 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Scott S.V, et al.: "Apg13p and Vac8p are part of a complex of phosphoproteins that are required for cytoplasm to vacuole targeting."J Biol Chem.. 275. 25840-25849 (2000)

    • Related Report
      2000 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Ichimura,T., et al.: "Ubiquitination-like system mediates novel protein lipidation."Nature. 408. 488-492 (2000)

    • Related Report
      2000 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Kihara,A., et al.: "Two distinct Vps34 Ptdlns 3-kinase Complexes function in autophagy and CPY sorting in Saccharomyces cerevisiae."J.Cell Biol.. 152. 519-530 (2001)

    • Related Report
      2000 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Kihara,A., et al.: "Beclin-Phsophatidylinositol 3-kinase complex functions at the trans-Golgi Network"EMBO Report. (in press). (2001)

    • Related Report
      2000 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Mizushima,N., et al.: "Dissection of autophagosome formation using Apg5-deficient mouse embryonic stem cells."J.Cell Biol.. (in press). (2001)

    • Related Report
      2000 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Komatsu,M., et al.: "The C-terminal region of an Apg7p/Cvt2p is required for homodimerization and is essential for its E1-activity and E1-E2 complex-formation."J.Biol.Chem.. (in press). (2001)

    • Related Report
      2000 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Kim,J., et al.: "Cvt9/Gsa9 functions in sequestering selective cytosolic cargo destined for the vacuole.74."J.Cell.Biol.. (in press). (2001)

    • Related Report
      2000 Annual Research Report

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Published: 2000-04-01   Modified: 2016-04-21  

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