| Budget Amount *help |
¥2,700,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,700,000)
Fiscal Year 2003: ¥600,000 (Direct Cost: ¥600,000)
Fiscal Year 2002: ¥800,000 (Direct Cost: ¥800,000)
Fiscal Year 2001: ¥1,300,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,300,000)
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| Research Abstract |
This research aimed to give a clear picture of the process in which the cultural conflict between "the British Empire" and Ireland had invented/constructed the literary/cultural"nationality" of Ireland, by analyzing the representations of Irish/Ireland in English and Irish literature in the 19th century.
This year, the last of the 3-year-project period, I went on with and advanced the research work : a detailed analysis of the representations of Ireland in the 19th-century English literature and those in the 19th-century Irish literature. I made work progress by a close reading of the literary texts (including visual images such as cartoons) from the perspective of "nationalism" The literary texts included Matthew Arnold, George Eliot, Benjamin Disraeli, and Walter Scott (English literature) as well as Thomas Moore, Dion Boucicault, W.B.Yeats, and J.M.Synge (Irish literature) among others.
The surging swells of the 19th century ---the rebellion of the United Irish Men, the Great Famine in the 1840s, the Fenian movement, and the activity and downfall of Charles Stewart Parnell ---along with the Irish Literary Revival movement, caused a climax of Irish literature, the Easter Rising, and the Independence War in the 20th century.
This research, giving some specific examples such as Robert Emmet, clarified (a) that both the representations of Ireland in the 19th-century English literature (=stereotype) and those. in the 19th-century Irish literature (=self-image) had a strong mutual influence on each other and (b) that under those very circumstances Irish "nationalism" and identity were invented/constructed.
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