| Project/Area Number |
13630124
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| Research Category |
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
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| Allocation Type | Single-year Grants |
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| Section | 一般 |
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| Research Field |
Commerce
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| Research Institution | Kobe University |
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Principal Investigator |
KOJIMA Kenji Kobe University, Research Institute for Economics & Business Administration, Professor, 経済経営研究所, 教授 (50121455)
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| Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) |
TAKASHIMA Katsuyoshi Kobe University, Graduate School of Business Administration, Professor, 経営学研究科, 教授 (30197090)
SUEHIRO Hideo Kobe University, Graduate School of Business Administration, Associate Professor, 経営学研究科, 助教授 (30162837)
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| Project Period (FY) |
2001 – 2003
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| Project Status |
Completed (Fiscal Year 2003)
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| Budget Amount *help |
¥2,800,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,800,000)
Fiscal Year 2003: ¥1,100,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,100,000)
Fiscal Year 2002: ¥800,000 (Direct Cost: ¥800,000)
Fiscal Year 2001: ¥900,000 (Direct Cost: ¥900,000)
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| Keywords | Trading institutions / Trading practices / Comparative institutional analysis / Institutions evolution / Distribution / History of Distribution / Game theory / Economics of information |
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| Research Abstract |
This research examines the trading institutions from an evolutionary perspective based on game theory. Trading institutions are important concerns for firms that transact intermediate goods to achieve an efficient system. Various systems of trading relationships have evolved in different countries to attain efficient trading relationships. Particularly, there are significant differences in vertical relationships between Japan and the United States. In Japanese vertical relationships, in contrast, suppliers are an integral part of the product development and manufacturing processes : they are heavily involved, assume significant responsibility, and communicate extensively and directly with product and process engineers. Japanese suppliers frequently play a significant role in product development. Japanese firms do not rely on legal contracts to protect their interests in trading relationships.
This research identifies major characteristics of Japanese trading relationships in an evolutionary perspective. Given contractual incompleteness due to uncertainty and complexity, as durable relationship-specific investments become more important, the transaction costs associated with mediating vertical relationships using arm's length market increase hierarchy. Vertical relationships in Japan involve building to reduce transportation costs and generally improve coordination. Significant features of Japanese trading relationships are identified : long-term relationships and commitments with effective communication ; willingness to make transaction-specific investments as well as to share technical information ; significant involvement of suppliers in product development.
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