X線・γ線観測にもとづくガンマ線バーストの起源の研究

• Project/Area Number: 14079102
• Research Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Priority Areas
• Allocation Type: Single-year Grants
• Review Section: Science and Engineering
• Research Institution: Tokyo Institute of Technology
• Principal Investigator: 河合 誠之 東京工業大学, 大学院理工学研究科, 教授 (80195031)
• Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha): 吉田 篤正 青山学院大学, 理工学部, 教授 (80240274) ; 田代 信 埼玉大学, 大学院理工学研究科, 助教授 (00251398) ; 村上 敏夫 金沢大学, 大学院自然科学研究科, 教授 (60092350) ; 三原 建弘 独立行政法人理化学研究所, 牧島宇宙放射線研究室, 先任研究員 (20260200)
• Project Period (FY): 2002 – 2006
• Project Status: Completed (Fiscal Year 2006)
• Budget Amount: ¥149,600,000 (Direct Cost: ¥149,600,000); Fiscal Year 2006: ¥24,400,000 (Direct Cost: ¥24,400,000); Fiscal Year 2005: ¥33,800,000 (Direct Cost: ¥33,800,000); Fiscal Year 2004: ¥41,400,000 (Direct Cost: ¥41,400,000); Fiscal Year 2003: ¥33,900,000 (Direct Cost: ¥33,900,000); Fiscal Year 2002: ¥16,100,000 (Direct Cost: ¥16,100,000)
• Keywords: 宇宙物理学 / X線天文学 / ガンマ線天文学 / ガンマ線バースト / 宇宙物理

Research Abstract

観測的研究としては、HETE-2衛星によって2006年までに観測されたガンマ線バースト(GRB)の解析を続け、GRB051022(z=0.8)など可視光残光が殊に弱い「暗黒GRB」の少なくとも一部は、母銀河内の吸収によること、複数ピークをもつGRBの各ピークのスペクトルと強度が一つの関係式に従うこと、X線フラッシュXRF040916という一旦休止後に二つのめのピークを持つバーストの解析から、二つ目のピークが中心エンジン自体の活動が一旦休止後に時間をおいて活動を再開したものであることなどを明らかにし、それぞれ学術誌等に発表した。また、Swift衛星からの位置通報に基づいて「すざく」衛星によるGRB060105,GRB060904の追跡観測に成功し、X線残光精度の高い光度曲線を得て、Swift衛星による観測データの解析結果と合わせて学術誌等に発表した。さらに、Swift衛星の軌道上較正にもとづき、BAT検出器の高エネルギー応答関数を改良し、従来は取り扱えなかった350keVまでのスペクトルの解析方法を確立した。
機器開発の面では、国際宇宙ステーション搭載全天X線監視装置MAXIの主検出器であるガススリットカメラ(GSC)の搭載品の地上試験、地上較正を進め、エネルギーおよびコリメータ応答関数構築を進めた。また、将来の飛翔体搭載をめざし、X線偏光検出装置を3グループで並行して開発している。PoGO実験のグループは検出器の信号処理回路の設計、開発を進め、少数ユニットのモデルを用いてKEKでの放射光ビーム試験を行い、性能を確認した。三原らは試作機を大気球に搭載してかに星雲の観測を行った。かに星雲の硬X線をとらえることに成功したが、偏光については観測時間不足のため上限値を得るにとどまった。村上らは、小型探査機搭載用の2kg未満の軽量ガンマ線バースト偏光検出器の試作を行い、実験室において偏光検出性能の確認を行った。

Research Products

• [Journal Article] Swift Discovery of Gamma-Ray Bursts without a Jet Break Feature in Their X-Ray Afterglows (2007)
  • Author(s): Sato, G., Tashiro, M.et al.
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal 657 Pages: 359-366
  • NAID: 120006385916
• [Journal Article] Beam test of a prototype phoswich detector assembly for the PoGOLite astronomical soft gamma-ray polarimeter (2007)
  • Author(s): Kanaki, Y., Kawai, N., Ueno, M., Kataoka, J., Arimoto, M.et al.
  • Journal Title: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A 570 Pages: 61-71
• [Journal Article] Development of polarimeter for gamma-ray bursts onboard the solar-powered sail mission (2006)
  • Author(s): Yonetoku, D., Murakami, T.et al.
  • Journal Title: Proc. SPIE 6266・86
• [Journal Article] Swift and Suzaku Observations of the X-Ray Afterglow from the GRB 060105 (2006)
  • Author(s): Tashiro, M., Kawai, N., Yoshida, A., Murakami, T et al.
  • Journal Title: Publ. Astron. Soc. Japan 59 Pages: 361-367
  • NAID: 120006385539
• [Journal Article] When Do Internal Shocks End and External Shocks Begin? Early-Time Broadband Modeling of GRB 051111 (2006)
  • Author(s): Butler, N.R., Kawai, N., Yoshida, A.et al.
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal 652 Pages: 1390-1399
• [Journal Article] An Optically Dark GRB Observed by HETE-2 : GRB 051022 (2006)
  • Author(s): Nakagawa, Y.E., Yoshida, A., Sugita, S., Kawai, N.et al.
  • Journal Title: Publ. Astron. Soc. Japan 58・4
  • NAID: 10023942105
• [Journal Article] Discovery of the short γ-ray burst GRB 050709 (2005)
  • Author(s): J.S.Villasenor, N.Kawai, A.Yoshida, et al.
  • Journal Title: Nature 437(7060) Pages: 855-858
• [Journal Article] A short γ-ray burst apparently associated with an elliptical galaxy at redshift z = 0.225 (2005)
  • Author(s): Gehrels, N., Tashiro, M.et al.
  • Journal Title: Nature 437(7060) Pages: 851-854
• [Journal Article] Global Characteristics of X-Ray Flashes and X-Ray-Rich Gamma-Ray Bursts Observed by HETE-2 (2005)
  • Author(s): T.Sakamoto, N.Kawai, A.Yoshida et al.
  • Journal Title: Astrophysical Journal 629(1) Pages: 311-327
• [Journal Article] Development of a spectral model based on charge transport for the Swift/BAT 32K CdZnTe detector array (2005)
  • Author(s): G.Sato, M.Tashiro et al.
  • Journal Title: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A, 541(1-2) Pages: 372-384
  • NAID: 120006385939
• [Journal Article] Hard X-ray response of CdZnTe detectors in the Swift Burst Alert Telescope (2005)
  • Author(s): M.Suzuki, M.Tashiro et al.
  • Journal Title: IEEE Transaction for Nuclear Science 52(4) Pages: 1033-1035
• [Journal Article] Possible observational evidence for the theta-2 angular distribution of the openning half-angle of GRB jets (2005)
  • Author(s): Yonetoku, D., Murakami, T.et al.
  • Journal Title: MNRAS 362 Pages: 1114-1118
• [Journal Article] The reionization history and early metal enrichment inferred from the GRB rate (2005)
  • Author(s): Murakami, T., Yonetoku, D.et al.
  • Journal Title: ApJ Letters 625 Pages: 13-16
• [Journal Article] Detector response of GSC/MAXI and its expected performance in orbit (2005)
  • Author(s): Y.Tsuchiya, A.Yoshida, et al.
  • Journal Title: Proc.of SPIE 5898 Pages: 403-412
• [Journal Article] HETE-2 Localization and Observations of the Gamma-Ray Burst GRB 020813 (2005)
  • Author(s): R.Sato, A.Yoshida, N.Kawai et al.
  • Journal Title: Publ.Astron.Soc.Japan 57(6) Pages: 1031-1039
  • NAID: 10023939239
• [Journal Article] Recent progress of avalanche photodiodes in high-resolution X-rays and @c-rays detection (2005)
  • Author(s): J.Kataoka, T.Saito, Y.Kuramoto, T.Ikagawa, Kawai et al.
  • Journal Title: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A 541(1-2) Pages: 398-404
• [Journal Article] XMM-Newton observations of SS 433 I. EPIC spectral analysis (2005)
  • Author(s): Brinkmann, W., Kotani, T., Kawai, N.
  • Journal Title: Astronomy and Astrophysics 431 Pages: 575-586
• [Journal Article] HETE Observations of the Gamma-Ray Burst GRB 030329 : Evidence for an Underlying Soft X-Ray Component (2004)
  • Author(s): Vanderspek, Kawai, N., Yoshida, A., et al.
  • Journal Title: Astrophysical Journal 617 Pages: 1251-1257
• [Journal Article] Time-resolved X-Ray Spectral Modeling of an Intermediate Burst from SGR 1900+14 Observed by HETE-2 FREGATE and WXM (2004)
  • Author(s): Olive, J.-F., Kawai, N.et al.
  • Journal Title: Astrophysical Journal 616 Pages: 1148-1158
• [Journal Article] Scientific highlights of the HETE-2 mission (2004)
  • Author(s): Lamb, D.Q., Kawai, N., Yoshida, A.et al.
  • Journal Title: New Astronomy Review 48 Pages: 423-430
• [Journal Article] GRB formation rate inferred from the spectral peak energy-luminosity (2004)
  • Author(s): Yonetoku, D., Murakami, T.et al.
  • Journal Title: Astrophysical Journal 609 Pages: 935-951
• [Journal Article] The Swift Gamma-Ray Burst Mission (2004)
  • Author(s): Gehrels, N., Chincarini, G., Tashiro, M., et al.
  • Journal Title: Astrophysical Journal 611 Pages: 1005-1020
• [Publications] T.Murakami et al.: "One approach to the star formation history inferred from the GRB lag-luminosity relation"Publ.Astron.Soc.Japan. 55. L65-L68 (2003)
• [Publications] Shirasaki, Yuji, Kawai, Nobuyuki, Yoshida, Atsumasa et al.: "Design and Performance of the Wide-Field X-Ray Monitor on Board the High-Energy Transient Explorer 2"Pub.Astron.Soc.Japan. 44. 1033 (2003)
• [Publications] Crew, G.B., Kawai, N., Yoshida, A, et al.: "HETE-2 Localization and Observation of the Bright, X-Ray-rich Gemma-Ray Burst GRB 021211"The Astrophysical Journal. 599. 387 (2003)
• [Publications] M.Murakami, Y.Kobayashi, M.Tashiro et al.: "Activation Properties of Schottky CdTe Diodes Irradiated by 150 MeV Protons"IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science. 50巻no.4. 1013-1019 (2003)
• [Publications] Sakamoto, T, Kawai, N., Yoshida, A et al.: "High Energy Transient Explorer 2 Observations of the Extremely Soft X-Ray Flash XRF 020903"The Astrophysical Journal. 602. 875 (2003)
• [Publications] Barraud, C., Olive, J.-F., JP., Atteia, J.-L., Kawai, N., Yoshida, A.et al.: "Spectral analysis of 35 GRBs/XRFs observed with HETE-2/FREGATE"Astronomy and Astrophysics. 400. 1021-1030 (2003)
• [Publications] Isobe, N., Tashiro, M., Makishima, K., Murakami, M.et al.: "A Chandra Detection of Diffuse Hard X-Ray Emission Associated with the Lobes of the Radio Glaxy 3C 452"The Astrophysical Journal. 580. L111-L115 (2002)
• [Publications] Perlman, E.S., Stocke, J.T., Sugiho, M., Tashiro, M et al.: "The Apparent Host Galaxy of PKS 1413+135 : Hubble Space Telescope, ASCA, and Very Long Baseline Array Observations""The Astronomical Journal. 124. 24401-24412 (2002)
• [Publications] Tashiro, M., Kamae, T., Makishima, T., Murakami, T., Yoshida, A.et al.: "Performance of the ASTRO-E Hard X-ray Detector"IEEE Transactinos on Nuclear Science. 49 4. 1893-1897 (2002)
• [Publications] S.R.Kulkarni, T.Murakami, D.Yonetoku, et al.: "The Quiescent Counterpart of the Soft Gamma-ray Repetaer SGR 0526-66"The Astronomical Journal. 585. 948-954 (2003)
• [Publications] Ricker, G.Hurley, K.Lamb, D.; Kawai, N.; Yoshida, A.et al.: "GRB 010921 : Localization and Observations by the High Energy Transient Explorer Satellite"The Astronomical Journal Letters. 571. 571-574 (2002)