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高感度の硬X線観測で探るブラックホールへの物質流入

Research Project

Project/Area Number 14079201
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Priority Areas

Allocation TypeSingle-year Grants
Review Section Science and Engineering
Research InstitutionThe University of Tokyo

Principal Investigator

牧島 一夫  東京大学, 大学院・理学系研究科, 教授 (20126163)

Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) 国分 紀秀  宇宙航空研究開発機構, 宇宙科学研究本部, 助教授 (50334248)
玉川 徹  独立行政法人理化学研究所, 中央研究所, 専任研究員 (20333312)
Project Period (FY) 2002 – 2006
Project Status Completed (Fiscal Year 2006)
Budget Amount *help
¥106,500,000 (Direct Cost: ¥106,500,000)
Fiscal Year 2006: ¥16,800,000 (Direct Cost: ¥16,800,000)
Fiscal Year 2005: ¥18,500,000 (Direct Cost: ¥18,500,000)
Fiscal Year 2004: ¥28,100,000 (Direct Cost: ¥28,100,000)
Fiscal Year 2003: ¥27,700,000 (Direct Cost: ¥27,700,000)
Fiscal Year 2002: ¥15,400,000 (Direct Cost: ¥15,400,000)
Keywordsブラックホール / 大気圏外観測 / 硬X線・ガンマ線 / 放射線検出器 / 科学衛星 / 「すざく」衛星 / 活動銀河核 / ガンマ線バースト / 結晶シンチレータ / 半導体検出器 / 低バックグラウンド
Research Abstract

本年度は、2005年7月に打ち上げられた「すざく」衛星を用いた観測的研究を中心に据え、以下のような研究を行った。これにより、本計画研究の目的を十分に達成することができた。
1.昨年度に引き続き、「すざく」搭載硬X線検出器(HXD-II)の軌道上較正を進め、バックグラウンド数値モデルの精度を向上するとともに、時刻づけ精度などを検証した。
2.「すざく」・CCDカメラで、近傍銀河の超大光度X線天体(ULX)のスペクトルを詳しく観測するとともに、HXD-IIでは世界で初めて、M82銀河にあるULXから10keV以上での硬X線信号の検出に成功した。これらの結果から、ULXが中質量ブラックホールである証拠を強めた。
3.「すざく」HXD-IIを用い、ハード状態にある複数の銀河系内ブラックホール連星を比較観測した結果、降着円盤を見る角度の違いにより、コンプトン散乱の光学的厚みが系統的に異なることを発見した。これは30年来の謎だった、高温コンプトン雲の幾何形状に、重要な手掛かりを与える結果である。
4.強く吸収された活動銀河核NGC 4945のHXD-IIスペクトルと時間変動を詳しく解析することで、この巨大ブラックホールに落ち込む物質は、これまで考えられていたような「太いトーラス」ではなく,薄くて歪んだ円盤の形状をもつという新しい可能性を突き止めた。
5.理研の運用するHETE-2衛星や、アメリカのSwift衛星などと共同して、「すざく」HXD装置のシールド部を用いたガンマ線バーストの観測的研究を推進するとともに、光学望遠鏡を用いたバースト残光の探査を進めた。
6.「すざく」の後継のNeXT衛星(2012年頃の打ち上げを想定して提案中)に向け、撮像型ガンマ線装置などの基礎開発を続行した。

Report

(5 results)
  • 2006 Annual Research Report
  • 2005 Annual Research Report
  • 2004 Annual Research Report
  • 2003 Annual Research Report
  • 2002 Annual Research Report
  • Research Products

    (27 results)

All 2007 2006 2005 2004 Other

All Journal Article (17 results) Book (1 results) Publications (9 results)

  • [Journal Article] In-Orbit Performance of the Hard X-Ray Detector on Board Suzaku2007

    • Author(s)
      Kokubun, M., Makishima, K., (11名), Tamagawa, T., (43名)
    • Journal Title

      Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan 59

    • NAID

      10023948451

    • Related Report
      2006 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Suzaku Observation of Two Ultraluminous X-Ray Sources in NGC 13132007

    • Author(s)
      Mizuno, T., (11名), Kokubu, M., Kotoku, J., Makishima, K., (6名), Tamagawa, T., Terashima, Y.
    • Journal Title

      Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan 59

    • NAID

      110006569921

    • Related Report
      2006 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Very Early Multicolor Observations of the Plateau Phase of the GRB 041006 Afterglow2007

    • Author(s)
      Urata, Y., (4名), Tamagawa, T., (13名), Makishima, K.
    • Journal Title

      Astrophysical Journal 655

    • Related Report
      2006 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Swift and Suzaku Observations of the X-Ray Afterglow_from the GRB 0601052007

    • Author(s)
      Tashiro, M., (27名), Tamagawa, T., (11名)
    • Journal Title

      Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan 59

    • Related Report
      2006 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Suzaku Observations of Nearby Seyfert 2 Galaxies2007

    • Author(s)
      Itoh, T., Kokubun, M., Makishima, K., (8名)
    • Journal Title

      Proc. IAU Symposium No.238,"Black Holes : From Stars to Galaxies - Across the Range of Masses" (印刷中)

    • Related Report
      2006 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Detailed Spectral Study of an Ultra-Luminous Compact X-Ray Source, M81 X-9, in the Disk-Dominated State2006

    • Author(s)
      Tsunoda, N., Kubota, A., Namiki, M., Sugiho, M., Kawabata, K., Makishima, K.
    • Journal Title

      Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan 58

      Pages: 1081-1088

    • NAID

      10023943748

    • Related Report
      2006 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] On the Temperature Profile of Radiatively Efficient Geometrically Thin Disks in Black Hole Binaries with the ASCA GIS2005

    • Author(s)
      Kubota, A., Ebisawa, K., Makishima, K., Nakazawa, K.
    • Journal Title

      Astrophysical Journal 631

      Pages: 1061-1072

    • Related Report
      2005 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Three Spectral States of the Disk X-Ray Emission of the Black-Hole Candidate 4U 1630-472005

    • Author(s)
      Abe, Y., Fukazawa, Y., Kubota, A., Kasama, D., Makishima, K.
    • Journal Title

      Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan 57

      Pages: 629-641

    • NAID

      10023937910

    • Related Report
      2005 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Optical Afterglow Observations of the Unusual Short-Duration Gamma-Ray Burst GRB 0409242005

    • Author(s)
      Huang, K.Y., Urata, Y., Filippenko, A.V., Hu, J.H., Ip, W.H., Kuo, P.H., Li, W., Lin, H.C., Lin, Z.Y., Makishima, K., Onda, K., Qiu, Y., Tamagawa, T.
    • Journal Title

      Astrophysical Journal Letters 628

    • Related Report
      2005 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Spectral Evolution of a Luminous Compact X-Ray Source in NGC 253 with Chandra and XMM-Newton Observatories2005

    • Author(s)
      Tanaka, T., Sugiho, M., Kubota, A., Makishima, K., Takahashi, T.
    • Journal Title

      Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan 57

      Pages: 507-511

    • NAID

      10023937387

    • Related Report
      2005 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Discovery of the short gamma-ray burst GRB 0507092005

    • Author(s)
      Villasenor, J.S., Lamb, D.Q., Ricker, G.R., Atteia, J., Kawai, N., Suzuki, M., Tamagawa, T., et al.
    • Journal Title

      Nature 437

      Pages: 855-858

    • Related Report
      2005 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] X-Ray Spectra of the Narrow-Line Seyfert 1 Galaxy Ton S180 in Comparison with Galactic Black Holes2005

    • Author(s)
      Murashima, M., Kubota, A., Makishima, K., Kokubun, M., Hong, A., Negoro, H.
    • Journal Title

      Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan 57

      Pages: 279-285

    • NAID

      10023936558

    • Related Report
      2005 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Evaluation of Radiation Tolerance of FETs Used for Astro-E22005

    • Author(s)
      T.Itoh, H, Niko, M.Kokubun, M.Kawaharada, I.Takahashi, S.Hirakuri, H.Miyasaka, K.Makishima
    • Journal Title

      Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research (A) 550(In press)

    • Related Report
      2004 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Improvements of the Astro-E2 Hard X-ray Detector (HXD-II)2004

    • Author(s)
      M.Kokubun, K.Abe, Y.Ezoe, Y.Fukazawa, S.Hong et al.
    • Journal Title

      IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 51

      Pages: 1991-1996

    • Related Report
      2004 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Development and Qualification of the HXD-II onboard Astro-E22004

    • Author(s)
      M.Kawaharada, S.Hong, M.Murashima, M.Kokubun et al.
    • Journal Title

      SPIE (The Int'l Society for Optical Engineering) 5501

      Pages: 286-295

    • Related Report
      2004 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Response of the HXD-II Detector to Cosmic Heavy Ions2004

    • Author(s)
      M.Kawaharada, M.Kokubun, K.Makishima, S.Hong et al.
    • Journal Title

      RIKEN Accelerator Progress Report 37

      Pages: 88-88

    • Related Report
      2004 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Hard X-ray and Gamma-Ray Detectors for the NeXT Mission2004

    • Author(s)
      T.Takahashi, K.Makishima, Y.Fukazawa, M.Kokubun, et al.
    • Journal Title

      New Astronomy Reviews 48

      Pages: 269-273

    • Related Report
      2004 Annual Research Report
  • [Book] ビッグバン宇宙の誕生と未来(第18回「大学と科学」公開シンポジウム講演集録)2004

    • Author(s)
      佐藤勝彦ほか
    • Total Pages
      179
    • Publisher
      クバプロ
    • Related Report
      2004 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] M.M.Murashima, Y.Kobayashi, M.Kokubun 他14名: "Activation Properties of Schottky CdTe Diodes Irradiated by 150 MeV Protons"IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science. 50・4. 1013-1019 (2003)

    • Related Report
      2003 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Y.Kobayashi, A.Kubota, K.Nakazawa, T.Takahashi, K.Makishima: "Observational Evidence for a High-Energy Compton Cloud in GRO J1655-40 under a High Accretion Rate"Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. Vol.55. 273-279 (2003)

    • Related Report
      2003 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Y.Urata, S.Nishiura, T.Miyata, H.Mito, T.Kawabata, Y.Nakada, T.Aoki, T.Soyano, K.Tarusawa, Yoshida, T.Tamagawa, K.Makishima: "Multiband Optical Follow-up Observations of ORB 020813 at the Kiso and Bisei Observatories"Astrophysical Journal Letters. Vol.595. L21-L24 (2003)

    • Related Report
      2003 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] T.Takahashi, K.Nakazawa, T.Kamae, H.Tajima, Y.Fukazawa, M.Nomachi, M.Kokubun: "High Resolution CdTe Detectors for the Next-Generation Multi-Compton Gamma-ray Telescope"SPIE. Vol.4581. 1228-1235 (2003)

    • Related Report
      2003 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] J.Kotoku, K.Makishima, Y.Okada, H.Negoro, Y.Terada, H.Kaneda, M.Oda: "Fourier Synthesis Image Reconstruction by Use of One-Dimensional Position-Sensitive Detectors"Applied Optics. 42・20. 4176-4185 (2003)

    • Related Report
      2003 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] 牧島 一夫: "ブラックホールの観測的研究の進展"日本物理学会誌. 58・12. 888-895 (2003)

    • Related Report
      2003 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] M.Namiki, N.Kawai, T.Kotani, K.Makishima: "Chandra HETGS Observations of SS 433"Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. Vol.55(In press). (2003)

    • Related Report
      2002 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] N.Isobe, M.Tashiro, K.Makishima, N.Iyomoto, M.Suzuki, M.M.Murakami, M.Mori, K.Abe: "A Chandra Detection of Diffuse Hard X-Ray Emission Associated with the Lobes of the Radio Galaxy 3C 452"Astrophysical Journal Letters. Vol.580. L111-L115 (2002)

    • Related Report
      2002 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] H.Xu, S.Kahn, J.Peterson, E.Behar, F.Paerels, R.Mushotzky, G.Jernigan, A.Brinkman, K.Makishima: "High-Resolution Observations of the Elliptical Galaxy NGC 4636 with the Reflection Grating Spectrometer on Board XMM-Newton"Astrophysical Journal. Vol.579. 600-606 (2002)

    • Related Report
      2002 Annual Research Report

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Published: 2002-04-01   Modified: 2018-03-28  

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