| Project/Area Number |
14340263
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| Research Category |
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
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| Allocation Type | Single-year Grants |
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| Section | 一般 |
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| Research Field |
動物生理・代謝
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| Research Institution | KYOTO UNIVERSITY |
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Principal Investigator |
KAGEYAMA Takashi Kyoto University, Primate Research Institute, Professor, 霊長類研究所, 教授 (20027501)
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| Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) |
YONEZAWA Satoshi Aichi Human Service Center, Senior Researcher, 究所, 室長 (90001867)
SUZUKI Juri Kyoto University, Primate Research Institute, Associate Professor, 霊長類研究所, 助教授 (10175408)
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| Project Period (FY) |
2002 – 2004
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| Project Status |
Completed (Fiscal Year 2004)
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| Budget Amount *help |
¥14,900,000 (Direct Cost: ¥14,900,000)
Fiscal Year 2004: ¥3,600,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,600,000)
Fiscal Year 2003: ¥3,600,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,600,000)
Fiscal Year 2002: ¥7,700,000 (Direct Cost: ¥7,700,000)
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| Keywords | pepsinogen / pepsin / enzyme specificity / active site / peptide substrate / S'1 / 基質特異性 / P'1 / 霊長類 / 新世界ザル / 食性 |
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| Research Abstract |
Proteolytic specificities of human pepsin A and monkey chymosin were investigated with a variety of oligopeptides as substrates. Human pepsin A had a strict preference for hydrophobic/aromatic residues at P'1 whilst monkey chymosin showed a diversified preferences accommodating charged residues as well as hydrophobic/aromatic ones. Comparison of residues forming the S'1 subsite between mammalian pepsins A and chymosins demonstrated the presence of conservative residues including Tyr^<189>, Ile^<213>, and Ile^<300>, and group-specific residues in the 289-298 loop region near the C-terminus. The group-specific residues consisted of hydrophobic residues in pepsin A (Met^<289>, Leu/Ile/Val^<291>, and Leu^<298>), and charged or polar residues in chymosins (Asp/Glu^<289> and Gln/His/Lys^<298>). Since the residues in the loop appeared to be involved in the unique specificities of respective types of enzymes, site-directed mutagenesis was undertaken to replace pepsin-A-specific residues by chymosin-specific ones and vice versa. A yeast expression vector for GST fusion protein was newly developed for expression of mutant proteins. The specificities of pepsin-A mutants could be successfully altered to chymosin-like preference and those of chymosin mutants to pepsin-like specificities, confirming residues in the S'1 loop to be essential for unique proteolytic properties of the enzymes. Increase in preference for charged residues at P'1 in pepsin-A mutants might have been due to increase in the hydrogen-bonding interactions. In chymosin mutants, the reverse is possible. The changes in the catalytic efficiency for peptides having charged residues at P'1 were dominated by kcat rather than Km values.
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