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Studies of Mecteinism of sex determination and sex diferentiation in fish.

Research Project

Project/Area Number 14360114
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

Allocation TypeSingle-year Grants
Section一般
Research Field General fisheries
Research InstitutionUniversity of the Ryukyus

Principal Investigator

NAKAMURA Masaru  University of the Ryukyus, Tropical Biosphere Research Center, professor, 熱帯生物圏研究センター, 教授 (10101734)

Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) TOHU Kobayashi  Fisheries Research Agency, chief scientist, 主任研究員 (30221972)
HIRAI Toshiaki  Teikyo University of Sience & Technology, lecturer, 理工学部, 講師 (30238331)
Project Period (FY) 2002 – 2004
Project Status Completed (Fiscal Year 2004)
Budget Amount *help
¥14,200,000 (Direct Cost: ¥14,200,000)
Fiscal Year 2004: ¥3,400,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,400,000)
Fiscal Year 2003: ¥3,400,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,400,000)
Fiscal Year 2002: ¥7,400,000 (Direct Cost: ¥7,400,000)
KeywordsSex Differentiation / Sex Determination / Sex Change / Estrogen / Gonad / invitrosex change / Tilapia / 芳香化酵素阻害剤
Research Abstract

Our studies indicate that endogenous estrogen biosynthesis occurs in undifferentiated XX gonads but not XY gonads before the appearance of any morphological sexual dimorphism, and that endogenous estrogens are required for ovarian differentiation. To identify the down-stream gene products during ovarian and testicular differentiation, we performed subtractive hybridization using mRNA derived from normal and estrogen treated XY gonads. We identified ten regulated gene products, seven of which related to ovarian differentiation and three to testicular differentiation. Two out of the ten gene products were expressed in germ cells, whereas the others were expressed in somatic cells.
Sex reversal was induced in genetically sex-controlled female tilapia by a 30 days treatment with methyltestosterone(MT) or aromatase inhibitor(AI). Gene expression profiles were compared with a control group by modified differential display at Day 12 (initiation period of sex differentiation) and Day 30(just af … More ter completion of sex differentiation). At 12,16 up-regulated and 21 down-regulated genes were identified, where at Day 30,14 up-regulated and 19 down-regulated genes were identified. These genes were cloned and sequenced, followed by homology searches and gene expression analysis.
In this study, we examined the mechanism of sex change in fish using a protogynous species. AI induced compete a sex change from female to male. In contrast, AI and estradiol-17b(E2) in combination did not bring about the sex change. These results strongly suggest that endogenous E2 has critical role in sex change.
Using in vitro tissue culture, we succeeded in inducing restructuring complete ovarian tissue to mature testicular tissue with sperm in 3-4 weeks. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of "in vitro sex change" from ovary tissue to a complete testis in vertebrates. This ability to experimentally induce this change has important implication for future research on sex determination and sex differentiation in vertebrates. Less

Report

(4 results)
  • 2004 Annual Research Report   Final Research Report Summary
  • 2003 Annual Research Report
  • 2002 Annual Research Report
  • Research Products

    (60 results)

All 2005 2004 2003 2002 Other

All Journal Article (53 results) Book (1 results) Publications (6 results)

  • [Journal Article] Gonadal structure and P450scc and 3 β -HSD immunoreactivity in the gobbid fish Trimma okinawae during bidirectional sex change.2005

    • Author(s)
      Tomoki Sunobe, Masaru Nakamura, Yasuhisa Kobayashi, Tohru Kobayashi, Yoshitaka Nagahama
    • Journal Title

      Ichthyol Res 52

      Pages: 27-32

    • Related Report
      2004 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Characterization of Two Types of Cytochrome P450 Aromatase in the Serial-sex Changing Gobiid Fish, Trimma okinawae.2004

    • Author(s)
      Y.Kobayashi
    • Journal Title

      Zool.Sci 21

      Pages: 417-425

    • NAID

      110006282413

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2004 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] Sex inversion of sexually immature honecomb grouper (Epinephelus merra) by aromatase inhibitor.2004

    • Author(s)
      R.K.Bhandari
    • Journal Title

      Zool.Sci. 21

      Pages: 305-310

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2004 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] Aromatase inhibitor induces complete sex change in the protogynous honeycomb grouper (Epinephelus merra).2004

    • Author(s)
      R.K.Bhandari
    • Journal Title

      Mol.Repro.Devel. 67

      Pages: 303-307

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2004 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] Sexualy Plastucity in Fish : A Possible Target of Endocrine Disruptor Action.2004

    • Author(s)
      Y.Nagahama
    • Journal Title

      Envir.Sci 11,1

      Pages: 73-82

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2004 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] Effect of estrogenic substances on gametogenesis in genetically controlled male common carp, Cyprinus carpio.2004

    • Author(s)
      H.Matsubara
    • Journal Title

      Trends in comparative endocrinology : Proceedings of the 5th Congress of the Asia and Oceania Society for Comparative Endocrinology

      Pages: 502-504

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2004 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] (1^<st> and 2^<nd> authors contributed equally this paper) Molecular cloning and gene expression of Foxl2 in the Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Biochem.2004

    • Author(s)
      T.Kobayashi
    • Journal Title

      Biophys.Res.Commun 320

      Pages: 83-89

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2004 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] Characterization of Two Types of Cytochrome P450 Aromatase in the Serial-sex Changing Gobiid Fish, Trimma okinawae.2004

    • Author(s)
      Y.Kobayashi 1
    • Journal Title

      Zool.Sci. 21

      Pages: 417-425

    • NAID

      110006282413

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2004 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] Aromatase inhibitor induces complete sex change in the protogynous honeycomb grouper(Epinephelus merra).2004

    • Author(s)
      R.K.Bhandari
    • Journal Title

      Mol.Repro.Devel. 67

      Pages: 303-307

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2004 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] Sexualy Plastucity in Fish : A Possible Target of Endocrine Disrupter Action.2004

    • Author(s)
      Y.Nagahama
    • Journal Title

      Envir.Sci. 11, 1

      Pages: 73-82

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2004 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] (1^<st> and 2^<nd> authors contributed equally this paper) Molecular cloning and gene expression of Foxl2 in the Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus.2004

    • Author(s)
      T.Kobayashi
    • Journal Title

      Biochem.Biophys.Res.Commun. 320

      Pages: 83-89

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2004 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] Immunohistochemical evidence possibly identifying the site of androgen production in the ovary of the protogynous grouper Epinephelus merra.2004

    • Author(s)
      Alam M A, Komuro H, Ramji K B, Nakamura S, Soyano K, Nakamura M.
    • Journal Title

      Cell Tissue Research (in press)

    • Related Report
      2004 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Evidence that estrogen regulates the sex change of a protogynous hermaphrodite fish.2004

    • Author(s)
      Ramji K B, Higa M, Komuro H, Soyano K, Nakamura M.
    • Journal Title

      J Exp Zool (in press)

    • Related Report
      2004 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Sex inversion of sexually immature honecomb grouper (Epinephelus merra) by aromatase inhibitor.2004

    • Author(s)
      Ramji K B, Komuro H, Higa M, Nakamura M
    • Journal Title

      Zool Sci. 21

      Pages: 305-310

    • Related Report
      2004 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Molecular cloning and gene expression of Foxl2 in the Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus.2004

    • Author(s)
      Kobayashi, T., Wang, D-S., Zou, L-Y., Nagahama, Y.
    • Journal Title

      Biochem Biophys Res Commun 320

      Pages: 83-89

    • Related Report
      2004 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] The cloning of cyclin B3 and its gene expression during hormonally induced spermatogenesis in the teleost, Anguilla japonica.2004

    • Author(s)
      Kajiura Kobayashi, H., Kobayashi, T, Nagahama, Y
    • Journal Title

      Biochem Biophys Res Commun 323

      Pages: 288-292

    • Related Report
      2004 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Treatments with an aromatase inhibitor induces complete sex in protogynous honeycomb grouper (Epinephelus merra).2003

    • Author(s)
      R.K.Bhandari
    • Journal Title

      Fish.Physiol.Biochem. 28

      Pages: 141-142

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2004 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] Role of steroid hormones in sex change of protogynous wrasse.2003

    • Author(s)
      M.Higa
    • Journal Title

      Fish.Biol.Biochem 28

      Pages: 149-150

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2004 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] The role estrogens play in sex differentiation and in sex changes of fish.2003

    • Author(s)
      M.Nakamura
    • Journal Title

      Fish.Biol.Biochem 28

      Pages: 113-117

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2004 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] Gonadal sex differentiation in protandrous anemone fish, Amphiprion clarkii.2003

    • Author(s)
      S.Miura
    • Journal Title

      Fish.Biol.Biochem 28

      Pages: 165-166

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2004 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] Gonadal restructuring and correlative steroid hormone profiles during natural sex change in protogynous honeycomb grouper (Epinephelus merra)2003

    • Author(s)
      R.K.Bhandari.
    • Journal Title

      Zool.Sci. 20

      Pages: 1399-1404

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2004 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] Ad4BP/SF-1 Modulates the Transcription of Cytochrome P-450 Aromatase (Ovarian Type) Expression in the Ovary of a Teleost Fish, the Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus2003

    • Author(s)
      Y.Yoshiura
    • Journal Title

      Biol.Reprod. 68

      Pages: 1545-1553

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2004 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] Isolation, characterization and expression of 11b-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 cDNAs from the testes of Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica) and Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)2003

    • Author(s)
      J.Q.Jiang
    • Journal Title

      J.Mol.Endocrinol 31

      Pages: 305-315

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2004 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] Induction of XY sex reversal by estrogen involves altered gene expression in a teleost, tilapia. Cytogenet2003

    • Author(s)
      T.Kobayashi
    • Journal Title

      Genome.Res. 101

      Pages: 289-294

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2004 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] Molecular cloning of the three gonadotropin subunits and early expression of FSH beta during sex differentiation in the nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus.2003

    • Author(s)
      H.G.Fan
    • Journal Title

      Fish.Physiol.Bicchem 28

      Pages: 143-144

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2004 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] Transgenic cell lines which stably express progestogen receptors (PRS) alpha and beta and the PR-responsive reporter genes.2003

    • Author(s)
      T.Ikeuchi
    • Journal Title

      Fish.Physiol.Biochem. 28

      Pages: 151-151

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2004 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] Estrogen-induced and suppressed gene expression during XY sex reversal in a teleost fish, tilapia.2003

    • Author(s)
      H.Kajiura-Kobayashi
    • Journal Title

      Fish.Physiol.Biochem 28

      Pages: 153-153

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2004 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] Germ cells during g onadal sex differentiation in the telesot.2003

    • Author(s)
      T.Kobayashi
    • Journal Title

      Fish.Physiol.Biochem. 28

      Pages: 157-157

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2004 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] Steroidogenic shift is acritical event for ovarian follicles to undergo final maturation.2003

    • Author(s)
      B.Senthilkumaran
    • Journal Title

      Fish.Physiol.Biochem. 28

      Pages: 313-315

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2004 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] Partial cloning of 17beta-HSD1 from the Nile tilapia ovary and its expression pattern during spawning cycle.2003

    • Author(s)
      L.Y.Zhou
    • Journal Title

      Fish.Physiol.Biochem. 28

      Pages: 381-382

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2004 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] Treatments with an aromatase inhibitor induces complete sex in protogynous honeycomb grouper(Epinephelus merra).2003

    • Author(s)
      R.K.Bhandari
    • Journal Title

      Fish.Physiol.Biochem. 28

      Pages: 141-142

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2004 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] Role of steroid hormones in sex change of protogynous wrasse.2003

    • Author(s)
      M.Higa
    • Journal Title

      Fish.Biol.Biochem. 28

      Pages: 149-150

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2004 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] The role estrogens play in sex differentiation and in sex changes of fish.2003

    • Author(s)
      M.Nakamura
    • Journal Title

      Fish.Biol.Biochem. 28

      Pages: 113-117

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2004 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] Gonadal sex differentiation in protandrous anemone fish, Amphiprion clarkii.2003

    • Author(s)
      S.Miura
    • Journal Title

      Fish.Biol.Biochem. 28

      Pages: 165-166

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2004 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] Gonadal restructuring and correlative steroid hormone profiles during natural sex change in protogynous honeycomb grouper(Epinephelus merra).2003

    • Author(s)
      R.K.Bhandari
    • Journal Title

      Zool.Sci. 20

      Pages: 1399-1404

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2004 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] Ad4BP/SF-1 Modulates the Transcription of Cytochrome P-450 Aromatase(Ovarian Type) Expression in the Ovary of a Teleost Fish, the Nile tilapia, Oreochrorois niloticus2003

    • Author(s)
      Y.Yoshiura
    • Journal Title

      Biol.Reprod. 68

      Pages: 1545-1553

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2004 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] Isolation, characterization and expression of 11b-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 cDNAs from the testes of Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica) and Nile tilapia (Oreochmmis niloticus)2003

    • Author(s)
      J.Q.Jiang
    • Journal Title

      J.Mol.Endocrinol. 31

      Pages: 305-315

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2004 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] Induction of XY sex reversal by estrogen involves altered gene expression in a teleost, tilapia. Cytogenet.2003

    • Author(s)
      T.Kobayashi
    • Journal Title

      Genome.Res. 101

      Pages: 289-294

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2004 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] Molecular cloning of the three gonadotropin subunits and early expression of FSH beta during sex differentiation in the nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus.2003

    • Author(s)
      H.G.Fan
    • Journal Title

      Fish.Physiol.Biochem. 28

      Pages: 143-144

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2004 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] Transgenic cell lines which stably express progestogen receptors(PRS) alpha and beta and the PR-responsive reporter genes.2003

    • Author(s)
      T.Ikeuchi
    • Journal Title

      Fish.Physiol.Biochem. 28

      Pages: 151-151

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2004 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] Estrogen-induced and suppressed gene expression during XY sex reversal in a teleost fish, tilapia.2003

    • Author(s)
      H.Kajiura-Kobayashi
    • Journal Title

      Fish.Physiol.Biochem. 28

      Pages: 153-153

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2004 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] Germ cells during gonadal sex differentiation in the telesot.2003

    • Author(s)
      T.Kobayashi
    • Journal Title

      Fish.Physiol.Biochem. 28

      Pages: 157-157

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2004 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] Sequence and expression of androgen receptor and estrogen receptor gene in the sex types of protogynous wrasse, Halichoeres trimaculatu2002

    • Author(s)
      Se.J.Kim
    • Journal Title

      Endocrinology 127

      Pages: 165-173

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2004 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] Morphology, endocrinology, and environmental modulation of gonadal sex differentiation in teleost fishes.2002

    • Author(s)
      Carlos Augusto Strussmann
    • Journal Title

      Fish.Physiol.Biochem. 26

      Pages: 13-29

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2004 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] Nonylphenol induces complete feminization of the gonad in genetically controlled all-male amago salmon.2002

    • Author(s)
      M.Nakamura
    • Journal Title

      Fish.Sci. 68

      Pages: 1387-1389

    • NAID

      10010413787

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2004 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] Two isoforms of vasa_homologs on a teleost fish : their differential expression during germ cell differentiation.2002

    • Author(s)
      T.Kobayashi
    • Journal Title

      Mech.Develop 111

      Pages: 167-171

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2004 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] Ovarian Carbonyl Reductase-like 20b-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Shows Distinct Surge in Messenger RNA Expression During Natural and Gonadotropin-Induced Meiotic Maturation in Nile Tilapia. Biol.Rep2002

    • Author(s)
      B.Senthilkumaran
    • Journal Title

      Biol.Reprod 67

      Pages: 1080-1086

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2004 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] Molecular cloning of Daxl and SHP cDNAs and their expression patterns in the Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus2002

    • Author(s)
      D.Wang
    • Journal Title

      Biochem.Biophys.Res.Commun 297

      Pages: 632-640

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2004 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] Sequence and expression of androgen receptor and estrogen receptor gene in the sex types of protogynous wrasse, Halichoeres trimaculatus2002

    • Author(s)
      Se.J.Kim.
    • Journal Title

      Endocrinology 127

      Pages: 165-173

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2004 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] Morphology, endocrinology, and environmental modulation of gonadal sex differentiation in teleost fishes.2002

    • Author(s)
      Carlos Augusto Strussmann
    • Journal Title

      Fish.physiol.Biochem. 26

      Pages: 13-29

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2004 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] Two isoforms of vasa_homologs in a teleost fish : their differential expression during germ cell differentiation.2002

    • Author(s)
      T.Kobayashi, H.Kajiura-Kobayashi, Y.Nagahama
    • Journal Title

      Mech.Develop. 111

      Pages: 167-171

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2004 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] Ovarian Carbonyl Reductase-Like 20b-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Shows Distinct Surge in Messenger RNA Expression During Natural and Gonadotropin-Induced Meiotic Maturation in Nile Tilapia.2002

    • Author(s)
      B.Senthilkumaran
    • Journal Title

      Biol.Reprod. 67

      Pages: 1080-1086

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2004 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] Molecular cloning of Dax1 and SHP cDNAs and their expression patterns in the Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus.2002

    • Author(s)
      D.Wang, T.
    • Journal Title

      Biochem.Biophys.Res.Commun. 297

      Pages: 632-640

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2004 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Book] 蛋白質核酸酵素2004

    • Author(s)
      長濱嘉孝
    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2004 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Ramji Kumar Bhandari, Mikihiko Higa, Shigeo Nakamura, Masaru Nakamura: "Aromatase inhibitor induces complete sex change in the protogynous honeycomb grouper (Epinephelus merra)."Mol Repro Devel. 67. 303-307 (2004)

    • Related Report
      2003 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Ramji Kumar Bhandari, Hiroki Komuro, Shigeo Nakamura, Mikihiko Higa, Masaru Nakamura: "Gonadal Restructuring and Correlative Steroid Honeycomb Grouper (Epinephelus merra)."Zool Sci. 20. 1399-1404 (2003)

    • Related Report
      2003 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Se Jae Kim, Kei Ogasawara, Ji Gweon Park, Akihiro Takemura, Masaru Nakamura: "Sequence and expression of androgen receptor and estrogen receptor gene in the sex types of protogynous wrasse, Halichoeres trimaculatus"Endocrinology. 127. 165-173 (2002)

    • Related Report
      2003 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Byung Ho Kim, Akihiro Takemura, Masaru Nakamura: "Comparison of in vitro vitellogenin synthesis among different nonylphenol products using primary cultures of tilapia hepatocytes"Fish.Sci. 68. 838-842 (2002)

    • Related Report
      2003 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Masatoshi Mita, Tsuyoshi Uehara, Masaru Nakamura: "Comparative studies on the Energy Metabolism in Spermatozoa of Four Closely Related Species of Sea Urchins (Genus Echinometra) in Okinawa."Zool Sci. 19. 419-427 (2002)

    • Related Report
      2003 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Carlos Auguso Strussmann, Masaru Nakamura: "Morphology, endocrinology, and environmental modulation of gonadal sex differentiation in teleost fishes."Fish physiol.Biochem. 26. 13-29 (2002)

    • Related Report
      2003 Annual Research Report

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Published: 2002-04-01   Modified: 2016-04-21  

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