| Budget Amount *help |
¥4,000,000 (Direct Cost: ¥4,000,000)
Fiscal Year 2004: ¥1,000,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,000,000)
Fiscal Year 2003: ¥1,500,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,500,000)
Fiscal Year 2002: ¥1,500,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,500,000)
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| Research Abstract |
This research project put its focus on the case, in which people belonging to a certain ethnic minority group (i.e., Filipino Americans) in the United States seek "justice, honor, and equity" for their World War II veterans who have suffered a serious discrimination based on their national origin.
In 1990s the elderly Filipino World War II veterans rushed to acquire U.S. citizenship relying on the 1990 Immigration Act and proudly immigrated to the United States. Many of them, however, soon faced misery and poverty dependent on scanty SSI without receiving U.S. veterans benefits despite the fact they got U.S. citizenship as veterans of the U.S. Armed Forces. The research project examined the cause and development of the Filipino veterans equity issues from last days of the Pacific War to the present and found there certainly had been deliberate efforts on the part of U.S. government and Congress to discriminate a portion of veterans who constituted the U.S. Armed Forces during the Second World War, because of their peculiar national origin, i.e., the citizens of the Philippine Islands under U.S. sovereignty between 1898 and 1946. The research project, however, did not primarily aim at giving justification for their cause by means of telling their history but would rather argue how successful or unsuccessful they (Filipinos and Filipino Americans) have been in using history and other discourses on nation, nationalism, and citizenship in their struggle to advance their respective aspirations.
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