| Budget Amount *help |
¥3,400,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,400,000)
Fiscal Year 2004: ¥900,000 (Direct Cost: ¥900,000)
Fiscal Year 2003: ¥1,200,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,200,000)
Fiscal Year 2002: ¥1,300,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,300,000)
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| Research Abstract |
In Tyrol in the late middle ages and in the early modern times, the peasants of the local jurisdictions(Landgerichte) could dispatch their delegation to the territorial diets(Landtag) which were called relatively regularly. The area of the local jurisdiction consisted of several (mostly small) rural communities, which held large alp and meadow in common. But since the fourteenth and fifteenth century, when the pasturage became more intensive because of the increase of population in Tyrol, conflicts over the use of the common alp broke out very often between the communities. Though these conflicts didn't disappear completely even after the division and the demarcation of the alp and commons between rural communities, they were, according to the communal documents, solved through the negotiation and mediation of the other neutral communities in the same local jurisdiction. The frequency and repetition of such interactions between the rural communities helped the development of the commun
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ication and identity of the peasants within the framework of the local jurisdiction. The communication of this kind could go hand in hand with the political activity of the communities(Landgerichte) in Tyrol.
The Emperor Maximilian I and other territorial princes of Tyrol promulgated very often particular orders for peace-keeping, restriction of feuds, procedure, market- regulating, etc. Indeed these orders favored partly the interests of the peasants, but many of them denied the traditional rights and autonomy of them(e.g. cutting down trees for timber in the common forest, extrajudicial settlement of disputes). Therefore in the age of the "peasant war" they made their written complaints (gravamina) in the territorial diet and more than a half of the complaints were adopted in the comprehensive Tyrol law code of 1526 and 1532. Such an noteworthy interaction between the state and local society might be one historical characteristic of the political integration in some German territorial principalities in early modem times. Less
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