| Project/Area Number |
14580007
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| Research Category |
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
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| Allocation Type | Single-year Grants |
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| Section | 一般 |
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| Research Field |
科学技術史(含科学社会学・科学技術基礎論)
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| Research Institution | Nanzan University |
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Principal Investigator |
KOBAYASHI Tadashi Nanzan University, Faculty of Humanities, Professor, 人文学部, 教授 (70195791)
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| Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) |
YAMAWAKI Naoshi University of Tokyo, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Professor, 大学院・総合文化研究科, 教授 (30158323)
KIHARA Hidetoshi Kokushikan University, Faculty of Political Science and Economics, Professor, 政経学部, 教授 (60204955)
FUJIGAKI Yuko University of Tokyo, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Associate Professor, 大学院・総合文化研究科, 助教授 (50222261)
HIRAKAWA Hideyuki Kyoto Women's University, Faculty for the Study of Contemporary Society, Associate Professor, 現代社会学部, 助教授 (50329934)
YOKOYAMA Teruo Nanzan University, Faculty of Humanities, Professor, 人文学部, 教授 (80148303)
副田 隆重 南山大学, 法学部, 教授 (20115588)
服部 裕幸 南山大学, 人文学部, 教授 (40110754)
沢登 文治 南山大学, 法学部, 助教授 (40247672)
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| Project Period (FY) |
2002 – 2004
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| Project Status |
Completed (Fiscal Year 2004)
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| Budget Amount *help |
¥3,000,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,000,000)
Fiscal Year 2004: ¥1,000,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,000,000)
Fiscal Year 2003: ¥1,100,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,100,000)
Fiscal Year 2002: ¥900,000 (Direct Cost: ¥900,000)
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| Keywords | scientific justification / social legitimacy / participatory technology assessment / governance of techno-science / public sphere / MONJU trial / 科学技術コミュニケーション / 科学技術ガバナンス / コンセンサス会議 / ジャーナル共同体 / 知識の妥当性水準 / 討議型デモクラシー / 公共性 / 知の「正当性」 / 意思決定の「正統性」 / 市民参加 / ガバナンス / deliberate democracy |
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| Research Abstract |
Our focus point is to analyze a subtle and complicated relation between techno-science as a cognitive and material power, and as a political power. The former is characterized as providing cognitive "justification" within scientific communities, and the latter is as providing political "legitimacy". This relation long ignored and still being ignored, produces so many failures and controversies about techno-science issues such as BSE, GMOs, and nuclear power plants. The result of analysis was published in KOBAYASHI (2002). "
Further, we tackled the problem of how to govern techno-science in advanced countries. The first step was to explicate the function of cognitive "justification". We could show that cognitive "justification" in scientific communities is understood as an expression of scientific rationality, but this rationality is applicable just within these communities. On the other hand, when a knowledge claim justified within a scientific community is brought to the social decisio
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n making as a legitimized knowledge, the difference of contexts in which these knowledge claims are embedded. This analysis was showed in FUJIGAKI (2003). The second step was to explore the possibility that experts and general public notice the difference of context and move toward to construct a common context each other. We direct our attention to participatory technology assessments, because these assessments showed a new style of deliberative discussion by many kinds of stakeholders including experts, policy makers, NPOs, and general public. The review of these assessments and theoretical analysis of a concrete example, that is, the consensus conference on GMOs held in 2000 in Japan was published in KOBAYASHI (2004).
In 2004, we organized a workshop to make together examples of participatory technology assessments in Japan, to share their experience and to explore the future tasks. At the same time, we tried to analyze "Monju trial" which is on the safety of a Fast Breeder Reactor. In this analysis we could show that techno-science issues in the present days are quite hard for the legal system to deal with, because the court has no rational criteria for judging confrontation between scientific experts which is usual in this type of trials. Less
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