日本社会・文化の個人主義化に伴う不適応問題の解明

• Project/Area Number: 14J05799
• Research Category: Grant-in-Aid for JSPS Fellows
• Allocation Type: Single-year Grants
• Section: 国内
• Research Field: Social psychology
• Research Institution: Kyoto University
• Principal Investigator: 荻原 祐二 京都大学, 教育学研究科, 特別研究員(PD)
• Project Period (FY): 2014-04-25 – 2016-03-31
• Project Status: Completed (Fiscal Year 2015)
• Budget Amount: ¥2,500,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥300,000); Fiscal Year 2015: ¥1,300,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥300,000); Fiscal Year 2014: ¥1,200,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,200,000)
• Keywords: 文化 / 変容 / 個人主義 / 名前 / 個性 / 文化的産物 / 自尊感情

Outline of Annual Research Achievements

これまでの文化心理学研究の多くは、特定の一時点における複数の文化のデータを収集し、人間の心理・行動傾向の文化差を記述することに留まっており、文化の動的な側面はほとんど扱われてこなかった。人間がいかに社会・文化を作り上げ、その社会・文化から影響を受けているのか、という文化心理学・社会心理学が共通して解くべき重要な課題を解明するためには、文化の動的な側面を経時的な実証データとして切りだすことが効果的である。文化変容のうち、文化の個人主義化に焦点を当てた研究は、少数ながら欧米において蓄積され始めていたが、欧米以外の文化変容についてはほとんど検討されていなかった。
昨年度の研究から、日本において2004年から2013年までの子どもの名前が個性的になっていることが示された。しかし、検討された期間が10年と比較的短期間であった。
そこで研究1では、地方自治体によって公刊されている広報誌に掲載されている名前を収集し、その変化を分析した。その結果、1984年から現在まで、複数の地方自治体において一貫して、個性的な名前の割合が経時的に増加していた。よって、より長期間の変化においても日本における個性追求傾向が増加していることが示された。
さらに研究2では、個性追求傾向に限定されず、個人主義化が進んでいるかどうかを検討するため、新聞において個人主義的な価値観を反映していると考えられる単語の相対的頻度の変化を分析した。その結果、1874年から2015年において個人主義的な単語がより多く使用されていることが示された。
加えて、こうした個人主義化が不適応と関連しているかどうかを検討するため、日本における自尊感情の経時的変化について検討を行った。複数の時系列調査を二次分析したところ、1990年代から現在まで、幅広い年齢層において一貫して、性別を問わず自尊感情は経時的に低下していた。

Research Progress Status

27年度が最終年度であるため、記入しない。

Strategy for Future Research Activity

27年度が最終年度であるため、記入しない。

Research Products

• [Journal Article] Age differences in self-liking in Japan: The developmental trajectory of self-esteem from elementary school to old age. (2016)
  • Author(s): Ogihara, Y.
  • Journal Title: Letters on Evolutionary Behavioral Science Volume: 印刷中
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] Are common names becoming less common? The rise in uniqueness and individualism in Japan. (2015)
  • Author(s): Ogihara, Y., Fujita, H., Tominaga, H., Ishigaki, S., Kashimoto, T., Takahashi, A., Toyohara, K., & Uchida, Y.
  • Journal Title: Frontiers in Psychology Volume: 6 Pages: 1-14
  • DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01490
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Acknowledgement Compliant
• [Journal Article] Characteristics and patterns of uncommon names in present-day Japan (2015)
  • Author(s): 荻原祐二
  • Journal Title: Journal of Human Environmental Studies Volume: 13 Issue: 2 Pages: 177-183
  • DOI: 10.4189/shes.13.177
  • NAID: 130005117613
  • ISSN: 1348-5253, 1883-7611
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] How do Japanese perceive individualism? Examination of the meaning of individualism in Japan (2014)
  • Author(s): Ogihara, Y., Uchida, Y., & Kusumi, T.
  • Journal Title: Psychologia Volume: 57 Pages: 213-222
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Presentation] Cultural change toward greater individualism in Japan: Analyses of human and dog names (2016)
  • Author(s): Ogihara, Y.
  • Organizer: The 23rd Congress of the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology
  • Place of Presentation: WINC Aichi, Nagoya, Japan.
  • Year and Date: 2016-07-30
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Losing Confidence over Time: Temporal Changes in Self-Esteem among Older Children and Early Adolescents in Japan. (2016)
  • Author(s): Ogihara, Y., Uchida, Y. & Kusumi, T.
  • Organizer: The 23rd Congress of the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology
  • Place of Presentation: WINC Aichi, Nagoya, Japan.
  • Year and Date: 2016-07-30
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Are unique names increasing in Japan? An analysis of baby names from 30 years of city newsletters, 1984-2015. (2016)
  • Author(s): Ogihara, Y.
  • Organizer: The 23rd Congress of the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology
  • Place of Presentation: WINC Aichi, Nagoya, Japan.
  • Year and Date: 2016-07-30
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Characteristics and patterns of uncommon names in present-day Japan. (2016)
  • Author(s): Ogihara, Y.
  • Organizer: The 23rd Congress of the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology
  • Place of Presentation: WINC Aichi, Nagoya, Japan.
  • Year and Date: 2016-07-30
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Losing confidence over time: Temporal changes in self-esteem in Japan. (2016)
  • Author(s): Ogihara, Y., Uchida, Y., & Kusumi, T.
  • Organizer: The 17th Annual Meeting of Society for Personality and Social Psychology
  • Place of Presentation: San Diego, California, USA.
  • Year and Date: 2016-01-29
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Are common names becoming less usual in Japan? An analysis of baby names from 30 years of city newsletters, 1984-2015. (2016)
  • Author(s): Ogihara, Y.
  • Organizer: The 12th Cultural Psychology Preconference (at the 17th Annual Meeting of Society for Personality and Social Psychology)
  • Place of Presentation: San Diego, California, USA.
  • Year and Date: 2016-01-28
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Are people giving more unique names to their dogs? Rising uniqueness and individualism in Japan. (2015)
  • Author(s): Ogihara, Y., Uchida, Y. & Kusumi, T.
  • Organizer: The 62nd Annual Meeting of Japanese Group Dynamics Association
  • Place of Presentation: Nara University
  • Year and Date: 2015-10-11
• [Presentation] Does individualization of culture bring risk of being isolated in Japan? A Cultural Psychological Perspective. (2015)
  • Author(s): Ogihara, Y., Uchida, Y. & Kusumi, T.
  • Organizer: The 13th Meeting of the German-Japanese Society for Social Sciences
  • Place of Presentation: German Institute of Japanese Studies
  • Year and Date: 2015-10-09
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] 自信を失う日本人: 日本における自尊感情の経時的変化 (2015)
  • Author(s): 荻原祐二・内田由紀子・楠見孝
  • Organizer: 日本心理学会 第79回大会
  • Place of Presentation: 名古屋国際会議場
  • Year and Date: 2015-09-24
• [Presentation] What constitutes a good life? Cultural variation in the emotional patterns of happiness and well-being. (2015)
  • Author(s): Uchida, Y., Ogihara, Y. & Fukushima, S.
  • Organizer: Bi-Annual Conference of the International Society for Research on Emotion
  • Place of Presentation: Genova, Italy.
  • Year and Date: 2015-07-08
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Does individualism damage interpersonal relationships and subjective well-being in Japan? Longitudinal examination for a causal link (2015)
  • Author(s): Ogihara, Y., Uchida, Y., & Kusumi, T
  • Organizer: The 16th Annual Meeting of Society for Personality and Social Psychology
  • Place of Presentation: Long Beach (USA)
  • Year and Date: 2015-02-27
• [Presentation] Differential Impacts of Employees' Cultural Self-Construals on Job Satisfaction and Workplace Social Relationship Between Japanese Companies and Foreign-owned Companies in Japan (2015)
  • Author(s): Katsumura, F., Akutsu, S., Uchida, Y., Kitayama, S., & Ogihara, Y.
  • Organizer: The 16th Annual Meeting of Society for Personality and Social Psychology
  • Place of Presentation: Long Beach (USA)
  • Year and Date: 2015-02-27
• [Presentation] Are unique names increasing? Rise in uniqueness and individualism in Japan (2015)
  • Author(s): Ogihara,Y., Fujita, H., Tominaga, H., Ishigaki, S., Kashimoto, T., Takahashi, A., Toyohara, K., Uchida, Y., & Kusumi, T
  • Organizer: The 11th Cultural Psychology Preconference (at the 16th Annual Meeting of Society for Personality and Social Psychology)
  • Place of Presentation: Long Beach (USA)
  • Year and Date: 2015-02-26
• [Presentation] Do Japanese workers feel lonelier in local Japanese companies than in foreign-owned multinational companies in Japan? If so, why? - A cultural psychological inquiry (2015)
  • Author(s): Akutsu, S., Uchida, Y., Katsumura, F., Ogihara, Y. & Kitayama, S
  • Organizer: The 11th Cultural Psychology Preconference (at the 16th Annual Meeting of Society for Personality and Social Psychology)
  • Place of Presentation: Long Beach (USA)
  • Year and Date: 2015-02-26
• [Presentation] ユニークになりたい親は子どもにユニークな名前を与えるか？個人主義指標としての個性的な名前の検討 (2014)
  • Author(s): 荻原祐二・内田由紀子・楠見孝
  • Organizer: 日本心理学会 第78回大会
  • Place of Presentation: 同志社大学（京都・京都市）
  • Year and Date: 2014-09-11
• [Presentation] 日本社会の個人主義化と幸福 (2014)
  • Author(s): 荻原祐二
  • Organizer: 日本心理学会 第78回大会
  • Place of Presentation: 同志社大学（京都・京都市）
  • Year and Date: 2014-09-10
• [Presentation] 日本の個人主義者は孤独か？日本における個人主義と対人関係 (2014)
  • Author(s): 荻原祐二・内田由紀子・楠見孝
  • Organizer: 日本グループ・ダイナミックス学会 第61回大会
  • Place of Presentation: 東洋大学（東京・文京区）
  • Year and Date: 2014-09-07
• [Presentation] Are unique names increasing? Individualization in Japan (2014)
  • Author(s): Ogihara,Y., Fujita, H., Tominaga, H., Ishigaki, S., Kashimoto, T., Takahashi, A., Toyohara, K., & Uchida, Y.
  • Organizer: The 22nd International Congress for Cross-Cultural Psychology
  • Place of Presentation: Reims (France)
  • Year and Date: 2014-07-16
• [Book] Engaging in interdisciplinary research. Quality of life in cultural context. (2015)
  • Author(s): Uchida, Y., Ogihara, Y., & Fukushima, S.
  • Total Pages: 248
  • Publisher: Universitatsverlag Konstanz
• [Book] Global Handbook of Quality of Life: Exploration of Well-Being of Nations and Continents. (2015)
  • Author(s): Uchida, Y., Ogihara, Y., & Fukushima, S.
  • Total Pages: 894
  • Publisher: Springer Netherlands
• [Book] Engaging in interdisciplinary research. Quality of life in cultural context (2015)
  • Author(s): Uchida, Y., Ogihara, Y., & Fukushima, S.
  • Total Pages: 248
  • Publisher: Universitatsverlag Konstanz, UTB., Germany
• [Book] Global Handbook of Quality of Life: Exploration of Well-Being of Nations and Continents (2015)
  • Author(s): Uchida, Y., Ogihara, Y., & Fukushima, S.
  • Total Pages: 894
  • Publisher: Springer Netherlands
• [Remarks] 荻原祐二 Webページ
  • URL: https://sites.google.com/site/yujiogiharaweb/home
• [Remarks] 荻原祐二 Webページ
  • URL: https://sites.google.com/site/yujiogiharaweb/