| Project/Area Number |
15310015
|
|---|
| Research Category |
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
|
| Allocation Type | Single-year Grants |
|---|
| Section | 一般 |
|---|
| Research Field |
Environmental dynamic analysis
|
|---|
| Research Institution | Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences |
|---|
Principal Investigator |
KUMATA Hidetoshi Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, School of Life Science, Research Associate, 生命科学部, 助手 (60318194)
|
|---|
| Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) |
UCHIDA Masao Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Institute of Oceanographic Research for Global Changes, Researcher, 地球環境観測研究センター, 研究員 (50344289)
|
|---|
| Project Period (FY) |
2003 – 2005
|
| Project Status |
Completed (Fiscal Year 2005)
|
| Budget Amount *help |
¥15,800,000 (Direct Cost: ¥15,800,000)
Fiscal Year 2005: ¥2,900,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,900,000)
Fiscal Year 2004: ¥4,000,000 (Direct Cost: ¥4,000,000)
Fiscal Year 2003: ¥8,900,000 (Direct Cost: ¥8,900,000)
|
|---|
| Keywords | polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon / radiocarbon / combustion sources / biomass burning / emission factor / PM10 aerosol / plant wax biomarker / carbon isotope discrimination / 燃焼起源推定 / バイオマス / 化石燃料 / 大気汚染 / 浮遊粉塵 / atmospheric PAHs / source apportionment / combustion sources / compound specific isotopic analysis / radio carbon / accelerator mass spectrometry / urban air / remote air / atmospheric PHA_s |
|---|
| Research Abstract |
Compound class specific radiocarbon analysis (CCSRA) was performed for polycyclic aromatic chydrocarbons (PAHs) associated with airborne particulate matter (APM) with diameter <10μm (PM_<10>) and <1.1μm (PM_<1.1>) collected from a residential area of suburban Tokyo, Japan and seasonal and particle-size radiocarbon variations were investigated. Total PAHs concentrations (sum of 38 compounds with 3-6 aromatic rings) ranged 0.94-3.25 ng/m^3 for PM_<10> and 0.69-2.68 ng/m^3 for PM_<1.1> samples. Source diagnostic isomer pair ratios indicated mixed contributions from petroleum combustion and from biomass and coal combustion to the PAHs in APM. The Δ^<14>C-PAHs in APM ranging from -787 to -514‰ indicated dominance of fossil fuel combustion. The Δ^<14>C of 5-6 rings (HMW) PAHs were higher than the 3-4 rings (LMW) species in both PM_<10> and PM_<1.1> samples. The Δ^<14>C of HMW-PAHs indicated greater biomass-burning contributions in summer than in winter and no apparent particle-size variation. Conversely, the Δ^<14>C of LMW species showed a greater contribution from fossil sources in summer and in larger particles (PM_<10>). This finding could be tentatively attributed to the recondensation of fossil-PAHs vaporized from petroleum sources. A ^<14>C isotopic mass balance approach estimated that biomass burning contributes 17 to 45% of the PAH burden in suburban Tokyo, and that the increase in the biomass-PAH accounts for approximately 27% and 22% of winter-time elevation of LMW- and HMW-PAHs, respectively. These are far exceeding what is expected from the emission statistics for CO_2 and combusted materials in Japan and emphasizing the importance of biomass-burning as a source of PAHs ; which, in turn, demonstrates the utility and the significance of field-based source assessment by using CCSRA for an effective regulation of atmospheric pollution by PAHs.
|
