Research of Social History on Women's Higher Education in Japan after World War II

• Project/Area Number: 15330164
• Research Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
• Allocation Type: Single-year Grants
• Section: 一般
• Research Field: Educaion
• Research Institution: Ochanomizu University
• Principal Investigator: YONEDA Toshihiko Ochanomizu University, Faculty of Letters and Education, Professor, 文教育学部, 教授 (90183996)
• Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha): TAKANO Mitsuyuki Ochanomizu University, Faculty of Letters and Education, Professor, 文教育学部, 教授 (20143696) ; AKIYAMA Terufumi Ochanomizu University, Faculty of Letters and Education, Professor, 文教育学部, 教授 (60130861) ; KOKAZE Hidemasa Ochanomizu University, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Professor, 大学院・人間文化研究科, 教授 (90126053) ; TACHI Kaoru Ochanomizu University, Institute for Gender Studies, Professor, ジェンダー研究センター, 教授 (50155082)
• Project Period (FY): 2003 – 2005
• Project Status: Completed (Fiscal Year 2005)
• Budget Amount: ¥11,500,000 (Direct Cost: ¥11,500,000); Fiscal Year 2005: ¥3,400,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,400,000); Fiscal Year 2004: ¥2,900,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,900,000); Fiscal Year 2003: ¥5,200,000 (Direct Cost: ¥5,200,000)
• Keywords: Women's Higher Education / History of World War II / National University / International Student / Materials of History of University

Research Abstract

Ochanomizu women's university and Nara women's university were respectively separated from women teacher's college and changed into the new system national women's university after World War II, so we tried to verify the course of both universities from prewar in the category of "The National Women's University" and to explain historically.
As if by common prior consent, both university was set the woman empire university plan respectability, however it didn't reach the realization of the thing that a plan established many faculties, and then both universities started organization as the old women higher teacher's college that consisted of the literature department part, the department of science and the domestic science. But regardless of established each place or added to multiple departments, both national women's universities maintained that system. From the 1950's to 70's, though women's university entering rate was increased, a favorable wind was not blowing for the women's univer sity education and the women's university. As symbolic of "Joshidaisei boukokuron" it was the age when was made the target of the criticism that a woman learns in the university. And it was cleared the matter that was not the time when university entering of the woman of each field could be led with a national women's university as increasing the kind of college.
If it says about two national women's universities, for example, both universities gather the students whose study will are comparatively high from the whole country little by little. But the difference that there may be it as for the one side as relation to Nara women's university foundation time, it was biased a little the good wife and wise mother education. The comparative studies of both universities are thought to be a result to do comparison at least, because it wasn't being made so far.
So far as thinking about a postwar women's university, it is thought that the trend of the International Student after returning had big meaning, and hearing investigation was done in South Korea and Taiwan each twice. A hypothesis was made that the role of the women's university would be look bigger by seeing their activities in the society after returning. We could confirm that it was big reason the easiness to learn in the women's university, and be useful as the most advanced knowledge and a technology for the student from overseas to learn in Japan.
Two national universities have established the department of science since the start. When the postwar history of the national women's university is pictured, it is an important element that explaining function of the department of science accomplish in most women's university consisting the literature department part and domestic science department. It was concerned with this point, we investigated about the woman natural scientist that was produced by Tokyo women higher teacher's school.
The way of the arrangement of the materials increasing daily for the postwar university history research is one examination subject. It was concerned with that, we tried about the possibility of digital imaging of the materials, and then we made to raise possibility and a problem.