| Budget Amount *help |
¥3,700,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,700,000)
Fiscal Year 2005: ¥600,000 (Direct Cost: ¥600,000)
Fiscal Year 2004: ¥1,400,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,400,000)
Fiscal Year 2003: ¥1,700,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,700,000)
|
|---|
| Research Abstract |
The prominent solvents used for dry-cleaning of clothing are perchloroethylene (PC) and hydrocarbons. PC has been declared a suspected carcinogen, hazardous air pollutant, and ozone depleter. Hydrocarbons have still an uncertaincy about installation allowances as regards environmental/safety aspects. Therefore, although there have been many studies on aqueous ultrasonic cleaning processes for removing soils from hard substrates, the soil removal mechanism from textile substrate by aqueous ultrasound is not well understood. The mechanism of soil removal by aqueous ultrasound for textile substrate was investigated for establishing the ultrasonic cleaning system in water as replacements for ecologically unacceptable organic solvents. The removal of soil on polyester or cellulose fabric substrate was examined by the use of the experimentally produced apparatus for evaluating the effectiveness of ultrasound in the soil removal from fabric, with sound waves of 28 kHz at a power density of 1W cm^<-2>, as a function of the sound pressure, dissolved oxygen concentration and the concentration of surfactant sodium lauryl sulfate (SDS) or polyoxy-ethyleneglycol mono n-dodecyl ether (C_<12>E_n). CI Solvent Yellow 5 was used for the model colored oily soil, and Squalene, stearic acid cholesterol, triolein and oleic acid were used as the model sebum soil constituents. The removal efficiency of the soil increased with increasing of sound pressure and the straight line with positive slope was also obtained between sound pressure and removal efficiency. The high effectiveness (about 90%) of oily soil removal from polyester was obtained with adding the surfactant C_<12>E_n to water (critical micelle concentration of C_<12>E_n). It has been shown that the main mechanisms responsible for the ultrasonic cleaning process in a sound field are sound pressure, cavitation, the affinity between fiber and soil, and the physic-chemical action of surfactant.
|
