| Budget Amount *help |
¥2,500,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,500,000)
Fiscal Year 2004: ¥1,600,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,600,000)
Fiscal Year 2003: ¥900,000 (Direct Cost: ¥900,000)
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| Research Abstract |
In this project, we have addressed the following three research topics.
1.First, we supposed the worlds as an anarchical one consisted of egoistic, self-oriented actors. Then we asked that in this world, how rules and/or institutions which might restrict actors' behaviors could be established. To answer the question, we have surveyed and extracted some important elements from community level evidences to international level evidences, referring welfare economics, studies on social capital (including game-theoretic approach), and studies on international relations. The most important element is that the rules and/or institutions which are expected to solve social dilemmas must be embedded in or related to the world which already has the order or principles.
2.In the community level, we have some pre-existing rules which shape our actions. The social dilemmas could be solved through linking these community based rules with the actions in the social dilemmas : embedding the social dilemmas
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into community. We have shown that where community social relationships were exist, the social dilemmas might be solved by linking the action in the social dilemmas with the action as the community member by the computer simulation.
3.In some studies on social capital, it was said that participations in some civic activities might have an effect to promote cooperative actions in the social dilemma situations. To examine the hypothesis, we carried out a survey research at Sanda city on December, 2004. From the survey results, it is shown that participating in such an activity actually refrain people's free rider tendencies. Moreover, respondents who are ardent participators in their civic activities have high level of generalized trust and think a great deal of the reciprocal relations and their reputations in comparison with non-ardent participators.
Above considerations suggest that in a community level (an international society level, as well), institutional design principles which are established to solve the social dilemmas should be related with the "world with order" which is already supported by the pre-existing rules and/or institutions. Civic participation, which is considered as the investment in social capital, could be a major factor to promote cooperative actions in the social dilemmas situation through embedding peoples into their community. Policy design to backup such civic activities should be justified from this point. Less
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