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生態系の進化モデル

Research Project

Project/Area Number 15657007
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Exploratory Research

Allocation TypeSingle-year Grants
Research Field Ecology/Environment
Research InstitutionKyoto University

Principal Investigator

山村 則男  京都大学, 生態学研究センター, 教授 (70124815)

Project Period (FY) 2003 – 2005
Project Status Completed (Fiscal Year 2005)
Budget Amount *help
¥3,200,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,200,000)
Fiscal Year 2005: ¥1,000,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,000,000)
Fiscal Year 2004: ¥900,000 (Direct Cost: ¥900,000)
Fiscal Year 2003: ¥1,300,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,300,000)
Keywords生態系 / 進化 / コンパートメントモデル / ダニの住居 / 動物プランクトン / 摂食様式 / 巻き添え競争 / 共存種数 / 多様性 / 周期的変動 / 最適採餌 / 防御戦略 / 微生物の共存 / 相利共生 / 空間構造 / 被食防御 / 微生物
Research Abstract

(1)前年度に引き続き、地理的区分(熱帯、温帯、寒帯、および標高)や景観区分(森林、草原、湿地、湖沼、海洋)による生態系の特徴抽出を文献調査により行い、モデルで扱うべき生態系の分類と特徴整理を行った。これを踏まえて、物質循環の式と進化の式を含んだコンパートメントモデルのダイナミクスを走らせながらパラメーターの調整を行った。この数理モデルの数値計算によって、環境パラメーターの違いが、進化と個体群動態を通じてどのような異なる生態系を創出するかのメカニズムを明らかにできた。
(2)生態系全体のモデルの構築と同時に、主要な相互作用に注目した部分系の進化と個体群動態のモデルも提出し、その解析も行った。
(a)多くの植物が肉食性のダニを住まわせる構造を作ることが知られていたが、植食性のダニに住居を造る場合が発見された。これは、肉食性ダニに安定した食物を提供し、より強力な植食者を制御するためであると考えられた。このような植物の形が進化する条件を数理モデルによって検討した(論文投稿中)。
(b)多くの湖において植物プランクトンを食べる2種類の動物プランクトン(ダフニアとコペポーダ)が共存している。この共存のメカニズムを動物プランクトンの摂食様式の違いで説明することができ、それらの様式の進化について考察した。(論文準備中)
(c)1捕食者多数餌種のシステムにおいて、共存種数が決まるメカニズムをトップダウン効果である巻き添え競争とボトムアップ効果である餌種の直接競争の両方によって説明できた。捕食圧が大きいと競争の激化は種数を減らし、捕食圧が小さいと逆になることを示した。(論文準備中)

Report

(3 results)
  • 2005 Annual Research Report
  • 2004 Annual Research Report
  • 2003 Annual Research Report
  • Research Products

    (15 results)

All 2005 2004 Other

All Journal Article (12 results) Publications (3 results)

  • [Journal Article] Intraguild Predation Reduces Bacterial Species Richness and Loosens the Viral Loop in Aquatic Systems : "Kill the Killer of the Winner Hypothesis".2005

    • Author(s)
      Miki, T., Yamamura, N.
    • Journal Title

      Aquatic Microbial Ecology 40

      Pages: 1-12

    • Related Report
      2005 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Effects of Defense Evolution and Optimal Diet Choice on Population Dynamics in a One Predator-Two Prey System.2005

    • Author(s)
      Yamauchi, A., Yamamura, N.
    • Journal Title

      Ecology 86

      Pages: 2513-2524

    • Related Report
      2005 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Bidirectional Cytoplasmic Incompatibility and the Stable Coexistence of Two Wolbachia Strains in Parapatric Host Populations.2005

    • Author(s)
      Telschow, A., Yamamura, N.Werren, J.H.
    • Journal Title

      Journal of Theoretical Bilogy 235

      Pages: 265-274

    • Related Report
      2005 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Theoretical Model for Innteractions between Particle-associated and Free-lving Bacteria to Predict the Functional Composition and Succession of the Bacterial Community.2005

    • Author(s)
      Miki, T., Yamamura, N.
    • Journal Title

      Aquatic Microbial Ecology 39

      Pages: 35-46

    • Related Report
      2005 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Herbivory promotes plant production and reproduction in nutrient-poor conditions : Effects of plant adaptive phenology.2004

    • Author(s)
      Yamauchi, A., Yamamura, N.
    • Journal Title

      American Naturalist 163

      Pages: 138-153

    • Related Report
      2004 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Evolution of mutualism through spatial effects.2004

    • Author(s)
      Yamamura, N., Higashi, M., Behera, N., Wakano, J.Y.
    • Journal Title

      Journal of Theoretical Biology 226

      Pages: 421-428

    • Related Report
      2004 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Asymmetric gene flow and constraints on adaptation caused by sex ratio.

    • Author(s)
      Telschow, A., Engelstter, A., Yamamura, N., Hammerstein, P., Hurst, P.D.
    • Journal Title

      J.Evolutionary Biology (in press)

    • Related Report
      2005 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Persistence conditions of symmetric social hybridogenesis in haplo-diploid Hymenoptera.

    • Author(s)
      Yamauchi, A., Yamamura, N.
    • Journal Title

      Journal of Theoretical Biology (in press)

    • Related Report
      2005 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Effects of asynchronous fluctuations in DOC supply and bacterial growth on biodegradation efficiency.

    • Author(s)
      Miki, T., Yamamura, N.
    • Journal Title

      Ecological Modelling (印刷中)

    • Related Report
      2004 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Theoretical model for interactions between particle-associated and free-living bacteria to predict the functional composition and succession of the bacterial community.

    • Author(s)
      Miki, T., Yamamura, N.
    • Journal Title

      Aquatic Microbial Ecology (印刷中)

    • Related Report
      2004 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Bidirectional cytoplasmic incompatibility and the stable coexistence of two wolba-chia strains in parapatric host populations.

    • Author(s)
      Telschow, A., Yamamura, N., Werren, J.H.
    • Journal Title

      Journal of Theoretical Biology (印刷中)

    • Related Report
      2004 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Effects of defense evolution and optimal diet choice on population dynamics in a one predator-two prey system.

    • Author(s)
      Yamauchi, A., Yamamura, N.
    • Journal Title

      Ecology (印刷中)

    • Related Report
      2004 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Yamamura, N., Higashi, M., Behera, N., Wakano, J.Y.: "Evolution of Mutualism through Spatial Effects."Journal of Theoretical Biology. 226. 421-428 (2004)

    • Related Report
      2003 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Yamauchi, A., Yamamura, N.: "Herbivory promotes plant production and reproduction in nutrient-poor conditions : Effects of plant adaptive phenology."American Naturalist. 163. 138-153 (2004)

    • Related Report
      2003 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Kobayashi, Y., Yamamura, N.: "Evolution of Signal Emission by Non-infested Plants Growing near Infested Plants to Avoid Future Risk."Journal of Theoretical Biology. 223. 489-503 (2003)

    • Related Report
      2003 Annual Research Report

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Published: 2003-04-01   Modified: 2016-04-21  

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