偏見の発達とその進化的基盤の解明－比較認知科学のアプローチからの検討

• Project/Area Number: 15F15708
• Research Category: Grant-in-Aid for JSPS Fellows
• Allocation Type: Single-year Grants
• Section: 外国
• Research Field: Experimental psychology
• Research Institution: Kyoto University
• Principal Investigator: 明和 政子 京都大学, 教育学研究科, 教授 (00372839)
• Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha): BUTLER DAVID 京都大学, 教育学研究科, 外国人特別研究員
• Project Period (FY): 2015-04-24 – 2017-03-31
• Project Status: Completed (Fiscal Year 2016)
• Budget Amount: ¥2,300,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,300,000); Fiscal Year 2016: ¥1,100,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,100,000); Fiscal Year 2015: ¥1,200,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,200,000)
• Keywords: Prejudice / Group bias / Discrimination / Racism / Development / Evolution / Chimpanzee / Neuroscience

Outline of Annual Research Achievements

My research aimed to investigate prejudice in relation to (1) development (that is, when do children first start to show prejudice?); (2) evolution (that is, is prejudice unique to humans?), and (3) neural mechanisms (that is, what neural signatures are associated with prejudice?).
In relation to development, I found that 6-month olds show evidence for prejudice. This is earlier than prior proposals that prejudice emerges at age 3-4 years. As for the evolution of prejudice, data collection is ongoing. Early results suggest that chimpanzees and humans may show similar evidence for prejudice. Regarding the neural mechanisms, we are now testing children and adults. More data is required for any definitive conclusion.
When completed, these studies will shed light on how and why prejudice occurs.

Research Progress Status

28年度が最終年度であるため、記入しない。

Strategy for Future Research Activity

28年度が最終年度であるため、記入しない。

Research Products

• [Journal Article] Preverbal infants affirm third party interventions aiding victims from aggressors (2017)
  • Author(s): Kanakogi, Y., Inoue, Y., Matsuda, G., Butler, D., Hiraki, K., & Myowa-Yamakoshi. M.
  • Journal Title: Nature Human Behaviour Volume: 1(0037)
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Presentation] The Evolution of Prejudice (2017)
  • Author(s): Butler, D., Yamamoto, S., Hirata, S., Anderson, J., & Myowa-Yamakoshi, M.
  • Organizer: International Conference on Humanities, Social Sciences and Education
  • Place of Presentation: Slough, United Kingdom
  • Year and Date: 2017-03-20
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] The Cognitive Neuroscience of Prejudice: A Prospective Developmental Perspective. (2017)
  • Author(s): Butler, D.
  • Organizer: 6th Annual International Conference on Cognitive and Behavioural Psychology
  • Place of Presentation: Singapore
  • Year and Date: 2017-03-06
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Prepared for Prejudice: 6-month old Infants Selectively Associate Ethnic Out-group Faces with Fearful Vocalizations (2016)
  • Author(s): Butler, D., Kanakogi, Y., Imafuku, I., Cowan, D., & Myowa-Yamakoshi, M.
  • Organizer: International Society for Developmental Psychobiology
  • Place of Presentation: San Diego, USA
  • Year and Date: 2016-11-09
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] A Tinbergenian Perspective on Prejudice: Development, Mechanisms, Evolution, and Function.’ (2016)
  • Author(s): Butler. D., Dunham, Y., Cunnington, R., & Campbell, M.
  • Organizer: 31st International Congress of Psychology
  • Place of Presentation: Yokohama, Japan
  • Year and Date: 2016-07-24
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] The Natural History of Prejudice (2015)
  • Author(s): Butler, D., Tanaka, M., Anderson. J., & Myowa-Yamakoshi, M.
  • Organizer: Congress of the Japanese Primatological Society
  • Place of Presentation: Kyoto, Japan
  • Year and Date: 2015-07-18
• [Book] Does Context Matter in Primate Attachment? In: Keller. H. and Bard, K.A. (Eds.) Contextualizing Attachment: The Cultural Nature of Attachment (2017)
  • Author(s): Myowa, M., & Butler, D.
  • Publisher: Cambridge, MA: MIT Press
• [Funded Workshop] A Tinbergenian Perspective on Prejudice: Development, Mechanisms, Evolution, and Function.’ (2016)
  • Place of Presentation: Yokohama, Japan
  • Year and Date: 2016-07-24