| Budget Amount *help |
¥17,160,000 (Direct Cost: ¥13,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥3,960,000)
Fiscal Year 2017: ¥4,030,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥930,000)
Fiscal Year 2016: ¥4,030,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥930,000)
Fiscal Year 2015: ¥9,100,000 (Direct Cost: ¥7,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥2,100,000)
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
Living cells are composed of active materials, in which forces are generated by energy derived from metabolism. Understanding the out-of-equilibrium mechanics is challenging because constituent materials are heterogeneous and their physical properties are strongly affected by the internally generated forces. Here, we have analyzed dynamics inside eukaryotic cells with simultaneous active and passive microrheology using laser interferometry and optical trapping technology. We developed a method to track microscopic probes stably in cells in the presence of vigorous cytoplasmic fluctuations, by employing smooth 3D feedback of a piezoactuated sample stage. We present a theory that adapts the fluctuation-dissipation theorem to out-of-equilibrium systems that are subjected to positional feedback. We discuss the interplay between material properties and non-thermal force fluctuations in the living cells that we quantify through the violations of the FDT.
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