| Budget Amount *help |
¥14,170,000 (Direct Cost: ¥10,900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥3,270,000)
Fiscal Year 2017: ¥4,290,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥990,000)
Fiscal Year 2016: ¥4,160,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥960,000)
Fiscal Year 2015: ¥5,720,000 (Direct Cost: ¥4,400,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,320,000)
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
We demonstrated that evolution of predator avoidance by prey enhance rapid predator color pattern evolution in the predator snake and prey lizard system in the insular environments. We then showed that rapid evolution of color pattern affected population dynamics of predator and prey, and pervasively fed back to modulate predator gape size. On the island where the snake is monotypic in color pattern, prey-predator populations exhibited the short 5-6 year cycles. Whereas the cycles were extended to 10-15 years on the island where the snakes were color polymorphic, and negative frequency dependent selection through predator avoidance learning by lizard maintained snake color polymorphism. Oscillation of predator-prey density temporally changed strength of selective force acting on snake gape size, and decreased availability of lizard prey favored wider gape and vice versa during the density cycles.
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