| Budget Amount *help |
¥18,980,000 (Direct Cost: ¥14,600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥4,380,000)
Fiscal Year 2018: ¥3,640,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥840,000)
Fiscal Year 2017: ¥4,160,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥960,000)
Fiscal Year 2016: ¥4,030,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥930,000)
Fiscal Year 2015: ¥7,150,000 (Direct Cost: ¥5,500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,650,000)
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
I have established a unique 2-by-2 research paradigm: studying our evolutionary closest relatives, bonobos and chimpanzees, both in the wild and captivities. My research methodology varied from hormonal analyses to ecological and sociological survey in my newly established wild bonobo research site. I have found courtesy food sharing in bonobos and group cooperation in chimpanzees which used to be considered unique to humans, and investigated the evolution of cooperation and social norms from the viewpoint of comparative cognitive studies. I also proposed a hypothesis that dyadic cooperation develops in bonobo-type societies where inter-individual tolerance is high, while group cooperation develops in chimpanzee-type societies where inter-group competition is high.
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