伸張性収縮を活用した効率的かつ効果的な筋力トレーニング方法の確立

• Project/Area Number: 15J03228
• Research Category: Grant-in-Aid for JSPS Fellows
• Allocation Type: Single-year Grants
• Section: 国内
• Research Field: Sports science (A)
• Research Institution: Waseda University
• Principal Investigator: 前大 純朗 早稲田大学, スポーツ科学研究科, 特別研究員(PD)
• Project Period (FY): 2015-04-24 – 2018-03-31
• Project Status: Completed (Fiscal Year 2017)
• Budget Amount: ¥5,200,000 (Direct Cost: ¥4,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,200,000); Fiscal Year 2017: ¥1,690,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥390,000); Fiscal Year 2016: ¥1,690,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥390,000); Fiscal Year 2015: ¥1,820,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,400,000、Indirect Cost: ¥420,000)
• Keywords: 伸張性トレーニング / 短縮性トレーニング / 筋肥大 / 浮腫 / 筋活動 / 下り坂歩・走行 / 膝関節伸展筋群 / 方向転換走 / 有酸素性作業能力 / 筋損傷 / 下り坂歩行 / トレーニング / 膝関節伸展筋力

Outline of Annual Research Achievements

本年度は、研究課題に関して以下の研究を報告した。
【仕事量を等しくした伸張性および短縮性トレーニングに伴う神経系および骨格筋の適応】
成人男性12名が、片脚を伸張性脚、もう一方を短縮性脚として、膝関節伸展筋群のトレーニングを10週間実施した。両条件とも、180°/秒の速度で最大努力による力発揮を行った。先にトレーニングする脚は、1セットあたり10回反復を6セット実施し、もう一方の脚は、1セットあたりの仕事量が先に行った脚のそれと同じになるまで反復を行った。トレーニング中の最大トルクに加え、筋電図による主働筋の筋活動の測定、ならびにMRIによる筋横断面積と横緩和時間（T2：浮腫を反映）の測定を、トレーニング前後（プレ・ポスト）およびトレーニング期間を通して毎週実施した。トレーニング条件（伸張性脚は伸張性条件、短縮性脚は短縮性条件）における最大トルクおよび筋活動は、両脚ともにそれぞれ1および4週目でプレよりも有意に増加し、その度合いは伸張性脚が短縮性脚よりも有意に大きかった（ポストにおけるプレからの変化：トルク+75% vs +28%、筋活動+73% vs +20%）。筋横断面積は、伸張性脚でのみ4週目以降でプレよりも有意に増加した（ポスト：+4%）。T2値は、両脚ともにトレーニング期間およびポストにかけてプレからの有意な変化はなかった。重回帰分析の結果、トレーニング期間およびポストにかけてのトルクの変化は筋活動の変化で大部分が説明され（伸張性脚：53-80%、短縮性脚：30-56%）、筋横断面積の変化の貢献度は両脚で小さかった（13-18%）。これらの結果から、たとえ仕事量を等しくしたとしても、伸張性トレーニングは短縮性トレーニングよりも大きな神経系および骨格筋の変化をもたらすこと、また、トレーニング初期における筋力の変化の大部分は神経系の変化に起因することが明らかとなった。

Research Progress Status

29年度が最終年度であるため、記入しない。

Strategy for Future Research Activity

29年度が最終年度であるため、記入しない。

Research Products

• [Int'l Joint Research] Loughborough University/University College London(United Kingdom)
• [Journal Article] Neuromuscular adaptations to work-matched maximal eccentric vs concentric training (2018)
  • Author(s): Maeo S, Shan X, Otsuka S, Kanehisa H, Kawakami Y
  • Journal Title: Med Sci Sports Exerc Volume: 印刷中 Issue: 8 Pages: 1629-1640
  • DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001611
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] Efficacy of downhill running training for improving muscular and aerobic performances (2018)
  • Author(s): Toyomura Junichi、Mori Hisashi、Tayashiki Kota、Yamamoto Masayoshi、Kanehisa Hiroaki、Maeo Sumiaki
  • Journal Title: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism Volume: 43 Issue: 4 Pages: 403-410
  • DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2017-0538
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Localization of damage in the human leg muscles induced by downhill running (2017)
  • Author(s): Maeo S, Ando Y, Kanehisa H, Kawakami Y
  • Journal Title: Sci Rep Volume: 7 Issue: 1 Pages: 5769-5769
  • DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06129-8
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] Localization of muscle damage within the quadriceps femoris induced by different types of eccentric exercises (2017)
  • Author(s): Maeo, S., Saito, A., Otsuka, S., Shan, X., Kanehisa, H., Kawakami, Y.
  • Journal Title: Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports Volume: 00 Issue: 1 Pages: 1-12
  • DOI: 10.1111/sms.12880
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Prevention of downhill walking-induced muscle damage by non-damaging downhill walking (2017)
  • Author(s): Sumiaki Maeo, Masayoshi Yamamoto, Hiroaki Kanehisa, Kazunori Nosaka
  • Journal Title: PLOS ONE Volume: 12 Issue: 3 Pages: e0173909-e0173909
  • DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173909
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Effect of abdominal bracing training on strength and power of trunk and lower limb muscles (2016)
  • Author(s): Kota Tayashiki, Sumiaki Maeo, Seiji Usui, Naokazu Miyamoto, Hiroaki Kanehisa
  • Journal Title: European Journal of Applied Physiology Volume: 9 Issue: 9 Pages: 1703-1713
  • DOI: 10.1007/s00421-016-3424-9
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Anatomical cross-sectional area of the quadriceps femoris and sit-to-stand test score in middle-aged and elderly population: development of a predictive equation (2016)
  • Author(s): Saito, A., Ema, R., Inami, T., Maeo, S., Otsuka, S., Higuchi, M., Shibata, S., Kawakami, Y.
  • Journal Title: J. Physiol. Anthropol. Volume: 36 Issue: 1 Pages: 1-9
  • DOI: 10.1186/s40101-016-0099-1
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Downhill walking training with and without exercise-induced muscle damage similarly increase knee extensor strength (2016)
  • Author(s): Sumiaki Maeo, Masayoshi Yamamoto, Hiroaki Kanehisa
  • Journal Title: Journal of Sports Sciences Volume: TBA Issue: 21 Pages: 2018-2026
  • DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2016.1149607
  • Peer Reviewed / Acknowledgement Compliant
• [Journal Article] Low-load slow speed resistance training increases muscle size and strength but not power (2016)
  • Author(s): Seiji Usui, Sumiaki Maeo, Kota Tayashiki, Miyuki Nakatani, Hiroaki Kanehisa
  • Journal Title: International Journal of Sports Medicine. Volume: 37 Issue: 04 Pages: 134-143
  • DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1564255
  • Peer Reviewed / Acknowledgement Compliant
• [Journal Article] Intra-abdominal pressure and trunk mucular activities during abdominal bracing and hollowing (2016)
  • Author(s): Tayashiki K, Takai Y, Maeo S, Kanehisa H
  • Journal Title: Int J Sport Med Volume: 37 Issue: 02 Pages: 134-143
  • DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1559771
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Acknowledgement Compliant
• [Presentation] 伸張性トレーニングが身体諸機能に及ぼす効果 (2018)
  • Author(s): 前大純朗
  • Organizer: 日本トレーニング科学会30周年記念シンポジウム
  • Invited
• [Presentation] Task-specific Muscle Damage Localizations after Quadriceps Exercises (2017)
  • Author(s): Sumiaki Maeo, Akira Saito, Shun Otsuka, Xiyao Shan, Hiroaki Kanehisa, Yasuo Kawakami
  • Organizer: The 5th National Strength & Conditioning Association International Conference
  • Place of Presentation: Chiba
  • Year and Date: 2017-01-27
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Neural and hypertrophic adaptations to maximal eccentric versus concentric training matched for total work (2017)
  • Author(s): Maeo S, Shan X, Otsuka S, Kanehisa H, Kawakami Y
  • Organizer: The British Association of Sport & Exercise Sciences Annual Conference
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Relationships between various aerobic factors during and after maximal exercise in elite athletes (2017)
  • Author(s): Yamagishi T, Saito A, Maeo S, Kawakami Y
  • Organizer: The 22nd Annual Congress of European College of Sport Science
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Distinct performance improvements after downhill versus level running training (2016)
  • Author(s): Sumiaki Maeo, Junichi Toyomura, Hisashi Mori, Kota Tayashiki, Masayoshi Yamamoto, Hiroaki Kanehisa
  • Organizer: The 10th International Conference on Strength Training
  • Place of Presentation: Kyoto
  • Year and Date: 2016-11-30
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] The power index of sit-to-stand test score with upright trunk predicts anatomical cross-sectional area of quadriceps femoris in middle-aged and elderly population (2016)
  • Author(s): Akira Saito, Ryoichi Ema, Takayuki Inami, Sumiaki Maeo Shun Otsuka, Mitsuru Higuchi, Shigenobu Shibata, Yasuo Kawakami
  • Organizer: The 10th International Conference on Strength Training
  • Place of Presentation: Kyoto
  • Year and Date: 2016-11-30
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] 大腿四頭筋の伸張性運動で生じる筋損傷の好発部位とその課題依存性 (2016)
  • Author(s): 前大純朗、齋藤輝、大塚俊、単西瑶、金久博昭、川上泰雄
  • Organizer: 第29回日本トレーニング科学会大会
  • Place of Presentation: 横浜
  • Year and Date: 2016-10-29
• [Presentation] 加齢が大腿部・腰部の個々の筋量・筋力に及ぼす影響とその性差 (2016)
  • Author(s): 大塚俊、齋藤輝、前大純朗、江間諒一、田中史子、柴田重信、川上泰雄
  • Organizer: 第29回日本トレーニング科学会大会
  • Place of Presentation: 横浜
  • Year and Date: 2016-10-29
• [Presentation] 下り坂走トレーニングが下肢筋力・パワー、跳躍高、直線・方向転換走能力、および有酸素性能力に及ぼす効果 (2016)
  • Author(s): 豊村純一、森寿仁、田屋敷幸太、山本正嘉、金久博昭、前大純朗
  • Organizer: 第29回日本トレーニング科学会大会
  • Place of Presentation: 横浜
  • Year and Date: 2016-10-29
• [Presentation] LT強度で行う平地走と下り坂走のトレーニングが有酸素性能力に及ぼす効果 (2016)
  • Author(s): 森寿仁、前大純朗、田屋敷幸太、豊村純一、山本正嘉、金久博昭
  • Organizer: 第71回日本体力医学会大会
  • Place of Presentation: 盛岡
  • Year and Date: 2016-09-23
• [Presentation] Effects of prior uphill or downhill walking training on downhill walking-induced muscle damage (2016)
  • Author(s): Sumiaki Maeo, Hisashi Mori, Masayoshi Yamamoto, Hiroaki Kanehisa
  • Organizer: The 21st Annual Congress of the European College of Sports Science
  • Place of Presentation: Vienna
  • Year and Date: 2016-07-06
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] 上りまたは下り坂歩行トレーニングに伴う大腿四頭筋および膝蓋腱の適応 (2015)
  • Author(s): 前大純朗、森寿仁、山本正嘉、金久博昭
  • Organizer: 第28回日本トレーニング科学会大会
  • Place of Presentation: 鹿児島
  • Year and Date: 2015-11-14
• [Presentation] 筋発揮張力維持法を用いたスクワットトレーニングは筋力・筋量を増加させるがパワー発揮能力を改善しない (2015)
  • Author(s): 前大純朗、臼井聖至、中谷深友紀、田屋敷幸太、金久博昭
  • Organizer: 第66回日本体育学会大会
  • Place of Presentation: 東京
  • Year and Date: 2015-08-25
• [Presentation] 身体トレーニングと骨格筋適応の最前線：伸張性収縮を活用した効率的かつ効果的な筋力のトレーニング方法 (2015)
  • Author(s): 前大純朗
  • Organizer: 第23回日本運動生理学会大会シンポジウム
  • Place of Presentation: 東京
  • Year and Date: 2015-07-25
  • Invited
• [Presentation] Low-intensity resistance training with slow movement and tonic force generation increases muscle size and strength but not power (2015)
  • Author(s): Sumiaki Maeo, Seiji Usui, Kota Tayashiki, Miyuki Nakatani, Hiroaki Kanehisa
  • Organizer: 20th Annual Congress of the European College of Sports Science
  • Place of Presentation: Malmo
  • Year and Date: 2015-06-24
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Protection against muscle damage in downhill walking by preconditioning exercise (2015)
  • Author(s): Sumiaki Maeo, Masayoshi Yamamoto, Hiroaki Kanehisa, Kazunori Nosaka
  • Organizer: The 62nd Annual Meeting of the American College of Sports Medicine
  • Place of Presentation: San Diego
  • Year and Date: 2015-05-26
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Effect of abdominal bracing training on the torque and power generation capability of trunk and lower limb muscles (2015)
  • Author(s): Kota Tayashiki, Sumiaki Maeo, Hiroaki Kanehisa
  • Organizer: The 62nd Annual Meeting of the American College of Sports Medicine
  • Place of Presentation: San Diego
  • Year and Date: 2015-05-26
  • Int'l Joint Research