地球と系外地球型惑星の大気形成過程及びマントルと大気の化学的共進化の理論的研究

• Project/Area Number: 15J09448
• Research Category: Grant-in-Aid for JSPS Fellows
• Allocation Type: Single-year Grants
• Section: 国内
• Research Field: Solid earth and planetary physics
• Research Institution: Tokyo Institute of Technology
• Principal Investigator: 黒川 宏之 東京工業大学, 地球生命研究所, 特別研究員(PD)
• Project Period (FY): 2015-04-24 – 2018-03-31
• Project Status: Completed (Fiscal Year 2017)
• Budget Amount: ¥4,420,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,400,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,020,000); Fiscal Year 2017: ¥1,430,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥330,000); Fiscal Year 2016: ¥1,430,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥330,000); Fiscal Year 2015: ¥1,560,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥360,000)
• Keywords: 地球 / 火星 / 系外惑星 / 大気 / マントル / 惑星形成 / 惑星進化 / 表層水

Outline of Annual Research Achievements

2017年度は火星の大気進化に関して、理論モデルと同位体地球化学的指標を融合させた新しい手法による研究成果をまとめた論文を出版した。この研究により、40億年前の火星は厚い大気を纏っていたことを突き止めた。
また、この理論モデルを地球・金星にも適用し、3つの地球型惑星の大気形成過程を比較した成果を学術誌に論文投稿した。3つの惑星の窒素・希ガス量の比較から、金星における原始惑星系円盤ガス捕獲大気の保持と火星における太陽風駆動の大気散逸がこれらの惑星の大気進化に影響を及ぼしたと結論づけた。
地球の表層-マントル間の水循環について、同様に理論モデルと地球化学的指標を組み合わせた手法による研究成果を学術誌に論文投稿した。初期地球の海水量は現在の2-3倍程度多く、大気散逸やマントルへの沈み込みによって海水量が減少してきたシナリオを提唱した。この研究により、地球の海水量進化に関する新しい指標（初期地球マントルの水素同位体比組成）を提案した。
系外惑星の大気形成過程については、新たに流体力学シミュレーションに着手し、研究成果をまとめて学術誌に論文投稿した。この研究では、原始惑星系円盤内における地球型惑星の円盤ガス大気捕獲過程が効率的に起こることを示した。
上述の太陽系内外の地球型惑星の大気形成・進化、水循環の理論的研究を着実に遂行して得られた知見を統合し、研究課題である地球型惑星の大気形成過程・マントルとの共進化過程の総合的な理解を得ることができた。

Research Progress Status

29年度が最終年度であるため、記入しない。

Strategy for Future Research Activity

29年度が最終年度であるため、記入しない。

Research Products

• [Journal Article] A lower limit of atmospheric pressure on early Mars inferred from nitrogen and argon isotopic compositions (2018)
  • Author(s): Kurokawa Hiroyuki、Kurosawa Kosuke、Usui Tomohiro
  • Journal Title: Icarus Volume: 299 Pages: 443-459
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.icarus.2017.08.020
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Interactive evolution of multiple water-ice reservoirs on Mars: Insights from hydrogen isotope compositions (2016)
  • Author(s): Kurokawa, H., Usui, T., and Sato, M.
  • Journal Title: GEOCHEMICAL JOURNAL Volume: 50 Issue: 1 Pages: 67-79
  • DOI: 10.2343/geochemj.2.0407
  • NAID: 130005124702
  • ISSN: 0016-7002, 1880-5973
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research / Acknowledgement Compliant
• [Journal Article] ON THE RADIUS ANOMALY OF HOT JUPITERS: REEXAMINATION OF THE POSSIBILITY AND IMPACT OF LAYERED CONVECTION (2015)
  • Author(s): Kurokawa, H. and Inutsuka, S.
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal Volume: 815 Issue: 1 Pages: 78-78
  • DOI: 10.1088/0004-637x/815/1/78
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Acknowledgement Compliant
• [Presentation] A Bayesian Approach to Deriving Ceres Surface Composition from Dawn VIR Data: Initial Quantification of Bright Spot and Typical Dark Material Phases with This Method (2018)
  • Author(s): Kurokawa, H., Ehlmann, B. L., Ammannito, E., De Sanctis, M. C., Lapotre, M., Usui, T., Stein, N. T., Prettyman, T., Raponi, A., and Ciarniello, M.
  • Organizer: 49th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Recycling of the planetary atmospheres embedded in a protoplanetary disk: a comparison between isothermal and non-isothermal simulations (2018)
  • Author(s): Kurokawa, H. and Tanigawa, T,
  • Organizer: Tuebingen Winter-Workshop 2018 on the Formation of Low-Mass Early Planetary Atmospheres
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Gas dynamics of Martian primary atmosphere (2018)
  • Author(s): Kurokawa, H.
  • Organizer: Circumplanetary Disks and Satellite Formation
  • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
• [Presentation] 原始惑星系円盤ガスと惑星大気のリサイクリング:等温・非等温計算の比較 (2018)
  • Author(s): 黒川 宏之, 谷川 享行
  • Organizer: 日本天文学会 2018年春季年会
• [Presentation] Suppression of atmospheric recycling of protoplanets in a protoplanetary disk by buoyancy barrier: implications for the formation super-Earths (2018)
  • Author(s): Kurokawa, H. and Tanigawa, T
  • Organizer: DTA SYMPOSIUM VIII: Challenge to Super-Earths and Their Atmospheres―Where do they come from?
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] 火星大気進化モデルの構築：元素・同位体組成からの制約 (2018)
  • Author(s): 黒川 宏之, 黒澤 耕介, 臼井 寛裕
  • Organizer: 第19回惑星圏研究会
  • Invited
• [Presentation] Evolution of the water cycle since the Archean as constrained by hydrogen isotopes (2017)
  • Author(s): Kurokawa, H., Foriel, J., and Laneuville, M.
  • Organizer: Goldschmidt 2017
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Volatile delivery and evolution of terrestrial planets: a theoretical and geochemical perspective (2017)
  • Author(s): Kurokawa, H.
  • Organizer: Joint meeting of Multi-scale asteroid science & Aqua planetology
  • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
• [Presentation] 地球型惑星の大気と海の形成と進化 (2017)
  • Author(s): 黒川 宏之
  • Organizer: 宇宙生命計算科学連携拠点第3回ワークショップ
  • Invited
• [Presentation] Cycles and escape of water on Earth and Mars: implications from hydrogen isotopic compositions (2017)
  • Author(s): Kurokawa, H., Usui, T., and Foriel, J.
  • Organizer: JpGU-AGU Joint Meeting 2017
  • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
• [Presentation] Tracing the Origin and Evolution of Volatiles on Mars: Constraints from Elemental and Isotopic Compositions of Nitrogen and Noble Gases (2017)
  • Author(s): Kurokawa, H., Kurosawa, K., and Usui, T.
  • Organizer: 48th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference
  • Place of Presentation: The Woodlands, Texas
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Hydrogen Isotopic Constraints on the Evolution of Surface and Subsurface Water on Mars (2017)
  • Author(s): Usui, T., Kurokawa, H., Wang, J., Alexander, C. M. O'D., Simon, J. I., and Jones, J. H.
  • Organizer: 48th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference
  • Place of Presentation: The Woodlands, Texas
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Radius anomaly of hot Jupiters: reexamination of the possibility and impact of the double diffusive convection (2016)
  • Author(s): Kurokawa, H. and Inutsuka, S.
  • Organizer: Exoplanet Ⅰ
  • Place of Presentation: Davos, Swiss
  • Year and Date: 2016-07-04
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] A Lower Limit of Atmospheric Pressure on Early Mars Inferred from Nitrogen and Argon Isotopes (2016)
  • Author(s): Kurokawa, H., Kurosawa, K., and Usui, T.
  • Organizer: 47th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference
  • Place of Presentation: The Woodlands, Texas, America
  • Year and Date: 2016-03-21
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] 巨大ガス惑星内部の二重拡散対流が熱進化に及ぼす影響の再評価 (2016)
  • Author(s): 黒川 宏之, 犬塚 修一郎
  • Organizer: 日本天文学会2016年春季年会
  • Place of Presentation: 東京
  • Year and Date: 2016-03-17
• [Presentation] Tracing the history of the Martian atmosphere and hydrosphere using isotopic compositions (2016)
  • Author(s): Kurokawa, H., Kurosawa, K., and Usui, T.
  • Organizer: Phobos, Deimos, and Mars Workshop
  • Place of Presentation: Tokyo, Japan
  • Year and Date: 2016-02-16
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Constraints on early Mars atmospheric pressure inferred from nitrogen and argon isotopes (2016)
  • Author(s): Kurokawa, H., Kurosawa, K., and Usui, T.
  • Organizer: 4th ELSI International Symposium
  • Place of Presentation: Tokyo, Japan
  • Year and Date: 2016-01-12
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] 火星大気と表層水の元素・同位体組成進化モデルの構築：表層環境変動史の実証的解明に向けて (2016)
  • Author(s): 黒川 宏之, 臼井 寛裕, 黒澤 耕介
  • Organizer: 地球型惑星圏環境に関する研究会
  • Place of Presentation: 東京
• [Presentation] The Evolution of Water in Martian Atmosphere, Hydrosphere, and Cryosphere: Insights from Hydrogen Isotopes (2016)
  • Author(s): Usui, T., Kurokawa, H., Alexander, C. M. O'D., Wang, J., Simon, J. I., Jones, J. H.
  • Organizer: 2016 AGU fall meeting
  • Place of Presentation: San Francisco, Califonia
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Mass-loss and internal structures of hot Jupiters (2016)
  • Author(s): Kurokawa, H., Kurosawa, K., and Usui, T.
  • Organizer: Japan-Germany Planets and Disks Workshop
  • Place of Presentation: Ishigaki, Japan
  • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
• [Presentation] 原始惑星系円盤中における惑星大気への円盤ガスの流入と大気流出 (2016)
  • Author(s): 黒川 宏之, 篠山 大輝, 中本 泰史
  • Organizer: 日本天文学会 2016年秋季年会
  • Place of Presentation: 松山
• [Presentation] 火星大気の元素・同位体組成による天体衝突と大気散逸史への制約 (2016)
  • Author(s): 黒川 宏之, 黒澤 耕介
  • Organizer: 日本惑星科学会 2016年秋季講演会
  • Place of Presentation: 岡山
• [Presentation] Evolution of Masses, Radii, and Compositions of Exoplanets: Atmospheric Escape and the Implications to Observations (2016)
  • Author(s): Kurokawa, H.
  • Organizer: 第8回系外惑星観測検討ワークショップ
  • Place of Presentation: 大分
  • Invited
• [Presentation] Constraints on Atmospheric Pressure on Early Mars Inferred from Nitrogen and Argon Isotopic Compositions (2016)
  • Author(s): Kurokawa, H., Kurosawa, K., and Usui, T
  • Organizer: Goldschmidt 2016
  • Place of Presentation: Yokohama, Japan
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] 窒素・アルゴン同位体を用いた初期火星大気圧の制約 (2016)
  • Author(s): 黒川 宏之, 黒澤 耕介, 臼井 寛裕
  • Organizer: 日本地球惑星科学連合 2016年大会
  • Place of Presentation: 千葉
• [Presentation] 隕石重爆撃による大気・海洋量の進化 (2016)
  • Author(s): 小佐々 唯, 玄田 英典, 黒川 宏之, 井田 茂
  • Organizer: 日本地球惑星科学連合 2016年大会
  • Place of Presentation: 千葉
• [Presentation] 天体衝突と大気散逸による火星表層環境の進化 (2015)
  • Author(s): 黒川 宏之, 黒澤 耕介, 臼井 寛裕
  • Organizer: 北大・低温研 共同利用集会：衝突の物理 天体の衝突物理の解明 (XI) -衝突研究における状態方程式の役割-
  • Place of Presentation: 札幌
  • Year and Date: 2015-11-27
• [Presentation] Reevaluation of the possibility and impact of layered convection: application to the radius anomaly of hot Jupiters (2015)
  • Author(s): Kurokawa, H. and Inutsuka, S.
  • Organizer: 31st International Colloquium of the Institute d'Astrophysique de Paris FROM SUPER-EARTHS TO BROWN DWARFS: WHO'S WHO?
  • Place of Presentation: Paris, France
  • Year and Date: 2015-07-01
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Early Evolution of Martian Atmosphere and Hydrosphere: Constraints from Isotopic Compositions (2015)
  • Author(s): Kurokawa, H., Kurosawa, K., and Usui, T.
  • Organizer: Japan Geoscience Union Meeting 2015
  • Place of Presentation: Chiba, Japan
  • Year and Date: 2015-05-28
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] ホット・ジュピターの半径異常: 層対流の実現可能性とその効果の再評価 (2015)
  • Author(s): 黒川 宏之, 犬塚 修一郎
  • Organizer: 日本地球惑星科学連合 2015年大会
  • Place of Presentation: 千葉
  • Year and Date: 2015-05-24
• [Remarks] 40億年前の火星は厚い大気に覆われていた ―太古の隕石に刻まれた火星環境の大変動―
  • URL: https://www.titech.ac.jp/news/2017/039129.html