| Budget Amount *help |
¥4,550,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,050,000)
Fiscal Year 2017: ¥1,430,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥330,000)
Fiscal Year 2016: ¥1,560,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥360,000)
Fiscal Year 2015: ¥1,560,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥360,000)
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
The modification of the nasal codas -m, -n, and -ng among the Sinitic, Tai-Kadai, Tibeto-Burman, and Hmong-Mien languages distributed in Yunnan are indicated in the maps with the same symbols, distinguished by colors. The common tendencies and mutual relationships of these languages were traced by superimposing these maps. In particular, the tones of Yunnan Chinese were classified into types, the results were mapped, and their formation process was reconstructed. The time series maps exhibiting the recent three stages of the Chinese Shandong dialects were drawn and their corresponding changing process was traced. The mapping and interpretation of these languages was based on eight elements that consisted of the lexical, phonological, and syntactic features of Tai-Kadai, which is also distributed in Yunnan, and the results were published in English. Concrete examples of the linguistic changing processes apart from the language families were discovered.
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