| Budget Amount *help |
¥4,550,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,050,000)
Fiscal Year 2017: ¥1,300,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥300,000)
Fiscal Year 2016: ¥1,560,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥360,000)
Fiscal Year 2015: ¥1,690,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥390,000)
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
There were about 200 ryogae-sho (exchange house) in Osaka in the first half of the 19th century. It is implicitly thought that their business was stable because they had a cartel (nakama) and faced less intense competition than in the modern era. Case studies on the Houses of Konoike and Mitsui, which began their business in the 17th century have contributed to build up this this image. In reality, however, new entrance to and exit from this business were common. Out of 164 ryogae-sho in Osaka in 1867 one-third of them began their business after 1850 and only one-fifth of them had started their business in the 18th century or earlier. Their average or median time of existence was not so long.
On the other hand, out of 54 banks that were established in Osaka by 1897, presidents of 18 banks were former ryogae-sho or their descendants. There few banks that had long tradition from ryogae-sho in the Edo era and many banks that were newly established in the Meiji era.
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