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Quark confinement based on the novel reformulation of quantum chromodynamics

Research Project

Project/Area Number 15K05042
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)

Allocation TypeMulti-year Fund
Section一般
Research Field Particle/Nuclear/Cosmic ray/Astro physics
Research InstitutionChiba University

Principal Investigator

Kondo Kei-Ichi  千葉大学, 大学院理学研究院, 教授 (60183042)

Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) 柴田 章博  大学共同利用機関法人高エネルギー加速器研究機構, 計算科学センター, 研究機関講師 (30290852)
Research Collaborator KATO SEIKOU  
Project Period (FY) 2015-04-01 – 2019-03-31
Project Status Completed (Fiscal Year 2018)
Budget Amount *help
¥4,680,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,080,000)
Fiscal Year 2018: ¥1,170,000 (Direct Cost: ¥900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥270,000)
Fiscal Year 2017: ¥1,170,000 (Direct Cost: ¥900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥270,000)
Fiscal Year 2016: ¥1,430,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥330,000)
Fiscal Year 2015: ¥910,000 (Direct Cost: ¥700,000、Indirect Cost: ¥210,000)
Keywordsクォーク閉じ込め / グルーオン閉じ込め / ヒッグス機構 / 磁気モノポール / 双対超伝導 / 非閉じ込め相転移 / 質量ギャップ / 非可換ストークス定理 / ウイルソンループ / 真空凝縮 / 束縛状態 / Bethe-Salpeter方程式 / 複合演算子 / 双対超電導 / 対称性の自発的破れ / ウイルソンループ演算子 / 非可換ストークスの定理 / 例外群 / 有限温度相転移 / ポリャコフループ / フラックスチューブ / Wilsonループ演算子
Outline of Final Research Achievements

We have published a review on the recent developments on quark confinement in Physics Reports which is based on the new reformulation of the Yang-Mills theory and the non-Abelian Stokes theorem for the Wilson loop operator guided by the dual superconductor picture for quark confinement. Moreover, we have shown that it is possible to describe the Higgs mechanism which is one of the mechanisms for massless gauge bosons to acquire their mass in a manifestly gauge-invariant way without relying on the spontaneous breaking of gauge symmetry. We have also shown that there exist configurations of magnetic monopoles in the pure Yang-Mills theory with the gauge-invariant mass term based on the method in which gauge configurations can be obtained from solutions of the field equations in the complementary gauge-scalar model.

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

物質を構成する原子のなかで,電子を除く原子核を構成する陽子や中性子は,クォークと呼ばれる素粒子が強い相互作用を担うグルーオンと呼ばれる素粒子によって結び付けられて存在していると考えられている。しかし,クォークやグルーオンは,陽子や中性子を含むメソン,バリオンなどのハドロンやグルーボールなどと呼称される,それらを基本的構成要素とする束縛状態としてのみ観測され,単体としては取り出されていない。これを「クォークの閉じ込め」と呼ぶ。この機構を解明することは,素粒子物理学のみならず,我々がどのようにしてこの宇宙に存在しているのかという根源的な疑問に答えるために重要であり,我々の研究は一つの解答を与える。

Report

(5 results)
  • 2018 Annual Research Report   Final Research Report ( PDF )
  • 2017 Research-status Report
  • 2016 Research-status Report
  • 2015 Research-status Report
  • Research Products

    (60 results)

All 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015

All Journal Article (19 results) (of which Peer Reviewed: 18 results,  Open Access: 15 results,  Acknowledgement Compliant: 5 results) Presentation (40 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 24 results,  Invited: 5 results) Book (1 results)

  • [Journal Article] Confinement of quarks in higher representations in view of dual superconductivity2019

    • Author(s)
      Akihiro Shibata, Ryutaro Matsudo, Seikou Kato and Kei-Ichi Kondo
    • Journal Title

      Proceedings of Science

      Volume: LATTICE2018

    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Mass-deformed Yang-Mills theory in the covariant gauge and its gauge-invariant extension2019

    • Author(s)
      Kei-Ichi Kondo, Yutaro Suda, Masaki Ohuchi and Ryutaro Matsudo
    • Journal Title

      Proceedings of Science

      Volume: Confinement2018

    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Correct way to extract dominant part of the Wilson loop in higher representations2019

    • Author(s)
      Ryutaro Matsudo, Akihiro Shibata, Seiko Kato and Kei-Ichi Kondo
    • Journal Title

      Proceedings of Science

      Volume: Confinement2018

    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Type of dual superconductivity for SU(2) and SU(3) Yang-Mills theories2019

    • Author(s)
      Akihiro Shibata, Kei-Ichi Kondo, Shogo Nishino, Takaaki Sasago and Seikou Kato
    • Journal Title

      Proceedings of Science

      Volume: Confinement2018

    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Confinement/deconfinement phase transition in SU(3) Yang-Mills theory and non-Abelian dual Meissner effect2019

    • Author(s)
      Akihiro Shibata, Seikou Kato and Kei-Ichi Kondo
    • Journal Title

      Proceedings of Science

      Volume: Confinement2018

    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Composite operator and condensate in SU(N) Yang-Mills theory with U(N-1) stability group2019

    • Author(s)
      Matthias Warschinke, Ryutaro Matsudo, Shogo Nishino, Toru Shinohara, and Kei-Ichi Kondo
    • Journal Title

      Proceedings of Science

      Volume: Confinement2018

    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Gauge-independent Brout-Englert-Higgs mechanism and Yang-Mills theory with a gauge-invariant gluon mass term2018

    • Author(s)
      Kei-Ichi Kondo
    • Journal Title

      The European Physical Journal C

      Volume: 78 Issue: 7

    • DOI

      10.1140/epjc/s10052-018-6051-2

    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Magnetic monopoles in pure SU(2) Yang-Mills theory with a gauge-invariant mass2018

    • Author(s)
      Shogo Nishino, Ryutaro Matsudo, Matthias Warschinke and Kei-Ichi Kondo
    • Journal Title

      Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics

      Volume: 2018 Issue: 10

    • DOI

      10.1093/ptep/pty105

    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Composite operator and condensate in the SU(N) Yang-Mills theory with U(N-1) stability group2018

    • Author(s)
      M. Warschinke, R. Matsudo, S. Nishino, T. Shinohara and K.- I. Kondo
    • Journal Title

      Phys. Rev. D

      Volume: 97 Issue: 3 Pages: 034029-034029

    • DOI

      10.1103/physrevd.97.034029

    • Related Report
      2017 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Double-winding Wilson loops in SU(N) Yang-Mills theory; A criterion for testing the confinement models2018

    • Author(s)
      Ryutaro Matsudo, Kei-Ichi Kondo and Akihiro Shibata
    • Journal Title

      EPJ Web Conf.

      Volume: 175 Pages: 12002-12002

    • DOI

      10.1051/epjconf/201817512002

    • Related Report
      2017 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Lattice study of area law for double-winding Wilson loops2018

    • Author(s)
      Akihiro Shibata, Seikou Kato, Kei-Ichi Kondo and Ryutaro Matsudo
    • Journal Title

      EPJ Web Conf.

      Volume: 175 Pages: 12010-12010

    • DOI

      10.1051/epjconf/201817512010

    • Related Report
      2017 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Gluon bound state and asymptotic freedom derived from the Bethe-Salpeter equation2017

    • Author(s)
      Fukamachi Hitoshi, Kondo Kei-Ichi, Nishino Shogo and Shinohara Toru
    • Journal Title

      Prog Theor Exp Phys

      Volume: 2017 Issue: 5

    • DOI

      10.1093/ptep/ptx059

    • NAID

      130007511264

    • Related Report
      2017 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Double-winding Wilson loops in the SU(N) Yang-Mills theory2017

    • Author(s)
      R. Matsudo and K.-I. Kondo
    • Journal Title

      Phys. Rev. D

      Volume: 96 Issue: 10 Pages: 105011-105011

    • DOI

      10.1103/physrevd.96.105011

    • NAID

      130007510718

    • Related Report
      2017 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Gauge-independent Higgs mechanism and the implications for quark confinement2017

    • Author(s)
      Kei-Ichi Kondo
    • Journal Title

      EPJ Web Conf.

      Volume: 137 Pages: 03009-03009

    • DOI

      10.1051/epjconf/201713703009

    • Related Report
      2016 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Acknowledgement Compliant
  • [Journal Article] Gauge-invariant description of Higgs phenomenon and quark confinement2016

    • Author(s)
      Kei-Ichi Kondo
    • Journal Title

      Physics Letters B

      Volume: 762 Pages: 219-224

    • DOI

      10.1016/j.physletb.2016.09.026

    • Related Report
      2016 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Acknowledgement Compliant
  • [Journal Article] Gauge-covariant decomposition and magnetic monopole for G(2) Yang-Mills field2016

    • Author(s)
      R. Matsudo and K.-I. Kondo
    • Journal Title

      Phys. Rev. D

      Volume: 94 Issue: 4 Pages: 045004-045004

    • DOI

      10.1103/physrevd.94.045004

    • Related Report
      2016 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Acknowledgement Compliant
  • [Journal Article] クォークの閉じ込め: なぜクォークは発見されないのか?2016

    • Author(s)
      近藤 慶一
    • Journal Title

      日本物理学会誌

      Volume: 71 Pages: 290-290

    • NAID

      130005165295

    • Related Report
      2016 Research-status Report
  • [Journal Article] Quark confinement: Dual superconductor picture based on a non-Abelian Stokes theorem and reformulations of Yang-Mills theory2015

    • Author(s)
      K.-I. Kondo, S. Kato, A. Shibata and T. Shinohara
    • Journal Title

      Physics Reports

      Volume: 579 Pages: 1-226

    • DOI

      10.1016/j.physrep.2015.03.002

    • Related Report
      2015 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Acknowledgement Compliant
  • [Journal Article] Non-Abelian Stokes theorem for the Wilson loop operator in an arbitrary representation and its implication to quark confinement2015

    • Author(s)
      R. Matsudo and K.-I. Kondo
    • Journal Title

      Physical Review D

      Volume: 92 Issue: 12 Pages: 125038-125038

    • DOI

      10.1103/physrevd.92.125038

    • Related Report
      2015 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Acknowledgement Compliant
  • [Presentation] BEH機構のゲージ不変な記述法から得られるゲージ不変な質量項を持つヤン・ミルズ理論と閉じ込め2019

    • Author(s)
      近藤慶一
    • Organizer
      日本物理学会 第74回年次大会
    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] クォーク閉じ込めの双対超伝導描像と閉じ込め・非閉じ込め相転移2019

    • Author(s)
      柴田章博
    • Organizer
      日本物理学会 第74回年次大会
    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] QCD弦のモデルとしてのセンターボルテックス解2019

    • Author(s)
      松戸竜太郎
    • Organizer
      日本物理学会 第74回年次大会
    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] How to extract the dominant “Abelian” part of the Wilson loop in higher representations2019

    • Author(s)
      Ryutaro Matsudo
    • Organizer
      Probing the Phase Structure of Strongly Interacting Matter: Theory and Experiment
    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Yang-Mills理論におけるプロパゲータの複素極とスペクトル関数 -グルーオン閉じ込めの観点から-2019

    • Author(s)
      林優依
    • Organizer
      日本物理学会 第74回年次大会
    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Understanding quark confinement through a gauge-invariant Higgs mechanism2018

    • Author(s)
      Kei-Ichi Kondo
    • Organizer
      WE-Heraeus Seminar - From Correlation Functions to QCD Phenomenology -
    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] Understangind quark confinement through the gauge-independent Brout-Englert-Higgs mechanism2018

    • Author(s)
      Kei-Ichi Kondo
    • Organizer
      New Frontier in QCD
    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] Confinement/deconfinement phase transition in SU(3) Yang-Mills theory and Non-Abelian dual Meissner effect2018

    • Author(s)
      Akihiro Shibata
    • Organizer
      New Frontier in QCD
    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Suitable operator to test the Abelian dominance for sources in higher representation2018

    • Author(s)
      Ryutaro Matsudo
    • Organizer
      New Frontier in QCD
    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] On the type of dual superconductor for SU(2) and SU(3) Yang-Mills theories2018

    • Author(s)
      Shogo Nishino
    • Organizer
      New Frontier in QCD
    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Composite operator and condensate in SU(N) Yang-Mills theory with U(N-1) stability group2018

    • Author(s)
      Matthias Warschinke
    • Organizer
      New Frontier in QCD
    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Confinement of quarks in higher representations in view of dual superconductivity2018

    • Author(s)
      Akihiro Shibata
    • Organizer
      Lattice2018
    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Mass-deformed Yang-Mills theory in the covariant gauge and its gauge-invariant extension2018

    • Author(s)
      Kei-Ichi Kondo
    • Organizer
      XIIIth Quark Confinement and the Hadron Spectrum
    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Confinement/deconfinement phase transition in SU(3) Yang-Mills theory and non-Abelian dual Meissner effect2018

    • Author(s)
      Akihiro Shibata
    • Organizer
      XIIIth Quark Confinement and the Hadron Spectrum
    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Correct way to extract dominant part of the Wilson loop in higher representations2018

    • Author(s)
      Ryutaro Matsudo
    • Organizer
      XIIIth Quark Confinement and the Hadron Spectrum
    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Composite operator and condensate in SU(N) Yang-Mills theory with U(N-1) stability group2018

    • Author(s)
      Matthias Warschinke
    • Organizer
      XIIIth Quark Confinement and the Hadron Spectrum
    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Complex poles and spectral functions of Yang-Mills theory2018

    • Author(s)
      林優依
    • Organizer
      KEK Theory workshop2018
    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] SU(2)及びSU(3) Yang-Mills理論における双対超電導のタイプについて2018

    • Author(s)
      近藤慶一
    • Organizer
      日本物理学会 第73回年次大会
    • Related Report
      2017 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] Composite operator and condensate in the SU(N) Yang-Mills theory with U(N-1) stability group2018

    • Author(s)
      Matthias Warschinke
    • Organizer
      日本物理学会 第73回年次大会
    • Related Report
      2017 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] 高次元表現クォークの閉じ込め機構2018

    • Author(s)
      柴田章博
    • Organizer
      日本物理学会 第73回年次大会
    • Related Report
      2017 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] 対称性の自発的破れに依らないHiggs 機構のゲージ不変な記述2017

    • Author(s)
      近藤 慶一
    • Organizer
      日本物理学会 第72回年次大会
    • Place of Presentation
      大阪大学(大阪府・豊中市)
    • Year and Date
      2017-03-17
    • Related Report
      2016 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] 多重巻ウイルソンループについて2017

    • Author(s)
      柴田 章博
    • Organizer
      日本物理学会 第72回年次大会
    • Place of Presentation
      大阪大学(大阪府・豊中市)
    • Year and Date
      2017-03-17
    • Related Report
      2016 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] 有質量Yang-Mills 理論のゲージ不変な定式化とモノポール・ダイオン解2017

    • Author(s)
      西野 尚吾
    • Organizer
      日本物理学会 第72回年次大会
    • Place of Presentation
      大阪大学(大阪府・豊中市)
    • Year and Date
      2017-03-17
    • Related Report
      2016 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] Double-winding Wilson loops in SU(N) Yang-Mills theory; A criterion for testing the confinement models2017

    • Author(s)
      Ryutaro Matsudo
    • Organizer
      35th International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory
    • Related Report
      2017 Research-status Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Lattice study of area law for double-winding Wilson loops2017

    • Author(s)
      Akihiro Shibata
    • Organizer
      35th International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory
    • Related Report
      2017 Research-status Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] On the mechanism for confinement and deconfinement transition at finite temperature2017

    • Author(s)
      Kei-Ichi Kondo
    • Organizer
      Functional Methods in Hadron and Nuclear Physics
    • Related Report
      2017 Research-status Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] Bethe-Salpeter方程式を用いたグルーオンの束縛状態と漸近自由性の解析2017

    • Author(s)
      西野尚吾
    • Organizer
      日本物理学会 2017年秋季大会
    • Related Report
      2017 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] SU(N)ヤン=ミルズ理論における二重巻きウィルソン・ループ2017

    • Author(s)
      松戸竜太郎
    • Organizer
      日本物理学会 2017年秋季大会
    • Related Report
      2017 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] 格子上の二重巻きウィルソン・ループの面積則2017

    • Author(s)
      柴田章博
    • Organizer
      日本物理学会 2017年秋季大会
    • Related Report
      2017 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] クォーク閉じ込めに対するモノポールの役割 ―場の分解の複数の可能性2016

    • Author(s)
      松戸 竜太郎
    • Organizer
      日本物理学会 2016年秋季大会
    • Place of Presentation
      宮崎大学(宮崎県・宮崎市)
    • Year and Date
      2016-09-21
    • Related Report
      2016 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] Connecting Non-Abelian magnetic monopole and vortex in Yang-Mills and Yang-Mills-Higgs theories2016

    • Author(s)
      Kei-Ichi Kondo
    • Organizer
      Second Geometric Models of Nuclear Matter Conference
    • Place of Presentation
      Canturbury (UK)
    • Year and Date
      2016-09-12
    • Related Report
      2016 Research-status Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Gauge-independent Higgs mechanism and the implications for quark confinement2016

    • Author(s)
      Kei-Ichi Kondo
    • Organizer
      12th Conference on Quark Confinement and the Hadron Spectrum (Confinement XII)
    • Place of Presentation
      Thessaloniki (Greece)
    • Year and Date
      2016-08-28
    • Related Report
      2016 Research-status Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Higgs mechanism without spontaneous symmetry breaking and quark confinement2016

    • Author(s)
      Kei-Ichi Kondo
    • Organizer
      10th APCTP-BLTP/JINR-RCNP-RIKEN Joint Workshop on Nuclear and Hadronic physics
    • Place of Presentation
      理化学研究所(埼玉県・和光市)
    • Year and Date
      2016-08-17
    • Related Report
      2016 Research-status Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] Gauge-covariant decomposition and magnetic monopole for G(2) Yang-Mills field2016

    • Author(s)
      Ryutaro Matsudo
    • Organizer
      10th APCTP-BLTP/JINR-RCNP-RIKEN Joint Workshop on Nuclear and Hadronic physics
    • Place of Presentation
      理化学研究所(埼玉県・和光市)
    • Year and Date
      2016-08-17
    • Related Report
      2016 Research-status Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Quark confinement to be caused by Abelian or non-Abelian dual superconductivity in the SU(3) Yang-Mills theory2016

    • Author(s)
      Akihiro Shibata
    • Organizer
      34th International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory (lattice2016)
    • Place of Presentation
      Southampton (UK)
    • Year and Date
      2016-07-24
    • Related Report
      2016 Research-status Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] 閉じ込め・非閉じ込めの有限温度転移と磁気的モノポールの果たす役割 -アーベリアン v.s. ノンアーベリアン 磁気的モノポール-2016

    • Author(s)
      柴田 章博
    • Organizer
      日本物理学会第71回年次大会
    • Place of Presentation
      東北学院大学(宮城県・仙台市)
    • Year and Date
      2016-03-19
    • Related Report
      2015 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] 有限温度ヤンミルズ理論における閉じ込め/非閉じ込め転移の解析的導出とQCDにおける クォークフレーバーの影響2015

    • Author(s)
      近藤 慶一
    • Organizer
      熱場の量子論とその応用
    • Place of Presentation
      京都大学基礎物理学研究所(京都府・京都市)
    • Year and Date
      2015-08-31
    • Related Report
      2015 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] Magnetic monopole and quark confinement2015

    • Author(s)
      K.-I. Kondo
    • Organizer
      Workshop: Gauge Field Topology: From Lattice Simulations and Solvable Models to Experiment
    • Place of Presentation
      State University of New York at Stony Brook, USA
    • Year and Date
      2015-08-17
    • Related Report
      2015 Research-status Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] Confinement/deconfinement transition temperature from the Polyakov loop potential and gauge-invariant gluon mass2015

    • Author(s)
      K.-I. Kondo
    • Organizer
      The 33rd International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory (Lattice 2015)
    • Place of Presentation
      神戸国際会議場(兵庫県・神戸市)
    • Year and Date
      2015-07-14
    • Related Report
      2015 Research-status Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Abelian monopole or non-Abelian monopole responsible for quark confinement2015

    • Author(s)
      A. Shibata
    • Organizer
      The 33rd International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory (Lattice 2015)
    • Place of Presentation
      神戸国際会議場(兵庫県・神戸市)
    • Year and Date
      2015-07-14
    • Related Report
      2015 Research-status Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Book] Memorial Volume for Yi-Shi Duan2018

    • Author(s)
      Mo-Lin Ge, Rong-Gen Cai, and Yu-Xiao Liu
    • Total Pages
      384
    • Publisher
      World Scientific
    • ISBN
      9789813237261
    • Related Report
      2017 Research-status Report

URL: 

Published: 2015-04-16   Modified: 2020-03-30  

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