| Budget Amount *help |
¥5,200,000 (Direct Cost: ¥4,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,200,000)
Fiscal Year 2018: ¥650,000 (Direct Cost: ¥500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥150,000)
Fiscal Year 2017: ¥1,560,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥360,000)
Fiscal Year 2016: ¥1,690,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥390,000)
Fiscal Year 2015: ¥1,300,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥300,000)
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
As the social wasps species so far recorded as the species native to the Japanese Island, 11 species in three genera of the subfamily Polistinae and 16 species in three genera of the subfamily Vespinae are recognized. In addition to them, occurrence of an exotic hornet (Vespa veultina) and possible exotic paper-wasp (Polistes sp.) on Tsushima Island were recognized.
The following four routes of dispersal of social wasps into the Japan Islands from continental Asia are considered: (1) Northward dispersal from Taiwan into the Nansei Islands; (2) dispersal through the Korean Peninsula; (3) dispersal through both the Korean Peninsula and through northern route through the current Saharin; and (4) widely distributed during the last glacial age and now showing so-called “Boreo-mountainous distribution.”
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