| Project/Area Number |
15K07574
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| Research Category |
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
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| Allocation Type | Multi-year Fund |
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| Section | 一般 |
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| Research Field |
Aquatic life science
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| Research Institution | Kyoto University |
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Principal Investigator |
Masuda Taro 京都大学, 農学研究科, 助教 (40395653)
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| Project Period (FY) |
2015-04-01 – 2019-03-31
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| Project Status |
Completed (Fiscal Year 2018)
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| Budget Amount *help |
¥4,940,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,140,000)
Fiscal Year 2017: ¥910,000 (Direct Cost: ¥700,000、Indirect Cost: ¥210,000)
Fiscal Year 2016: ¥1,430,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥330,000)
Fiscal Year 2015: ¥2,600,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥600,000)
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| Keywords | 甲殻類 / 黒変 / メラニン形成 / 銅タンパク質 / メラニン生成 / フェノールオキシダーゼ / チロシナーゼ / ヘモシアニン / フェリチン / 酵素的褐変 / 食品の劣化 / タイプ3銅蛋白質 / メタロプロテイン / 食品 / 生体防御 |
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
Melanization or black spot formation in crustacean is one of the most serious problems on food industry. Phenoloxidases (PO) and hemocyanins (Hc), both of which are cuproprotein, are the candidates of the enzyme that mainly causes the melanin formation. In this study, I have investigated the real source of the enzymatic activity for melanin formation. Although Hc is an extreamly abundant protein, it did not show detectable PO activity. On the other hand, PO showed prominent PO activity and it contributed to almost all the PO activity in hemolymph of some shrimp species. Further, we have identified some molecular species of PO, each of which showed distinctive feature in terms of the localization and maturation process. It was also suggested that the dominant molecular type of PO was varied among shorimp species.
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| Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements |
黒変反応の原因酵素については、当初から知られていたフェノールオキシダーゼ(PO)の他に、近年甲殻類の酸素運搬タンパク質であるヘモシアニン(Hc)が関与する可能性も指摘されていた。本研究では、国産の主要な食用甲殻類数種におけるPO活性を指標に、甲殻類黒変現象の原因タンパク質精製し、この酵素活性はほぼPOに依存していることを明らかにした。Hcは、POと類似の構造を持ち、甲殻類体液中に極端な高濃度で存在するが、酵素活性はほぼ認められず、極めて微弱な活性を持ち得るか否かは今後の検討課題である。
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