| Budget Amount *help |
¥4,810,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,700,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,110,000)
Fiscal Year 2017: ¥1,560,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥360,000)
Fiscal Year 2016: ¥1,690,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥390,000)
Fiscal Year 2015: ¥1,560,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥360,000)
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
The skeleton of pectoral appendage is comprised of endochondral and dermal bones. The former develops via ossification of cartilaginous mold, and includes the majority of the appendage skeleton. The latter develops by the ossification of connective tissue and does not require the cartilaginous mold, and includes the clavicle in human. In fishes also, the majority of the pectoral fin skeletons develops through the endochondral ossification and they are connected to the skull via dermal bones including the clavicle. In human, the pectoral limb skeleton is separated from the head with neck region. To elucidate the evolutionary mechanism of the neck elongation, chicken development was observed. In early embryos, the forelimb was connected with head via the clavicle as that in fishes. The result indicated that the long neck had been obtained by elongating the clavicle.
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