| Budget Amount *help |
¥4,550,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,050,000)
Fiscal Year 2018: ¥260,000 (Direct Cost: ¥200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥60,000)
Fiscal Year 2017: ¥1,430,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥330,000)
Fiscal Year 2016: ¥1,430,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥330,000)
Fiscal Year 2015: ¥1,430,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥330,000)
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
I researched referendums on urban planning in Switzerland and Germany. In Switzerland, which has a long history of referendums, referendums are obligatory in advance depending on the content and budget scale of the administrative plan. On the other hand, in Germany, if a resident have doubts about the administrative plan, it is possible to carry out a referendum with the signature of the residents. As for the result of the referendum, it is essential to obtain the majority of voters and at the same time to satisfy the approval quorum . The rate of the quorum of approval varies depending on the municipality, but is about 10 to 30%. If the administrative plan is rejected by a referendum, then the process of consensus on the change of the plan is carefully carried out between the administration and the residents.
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