Genetic polymorphism of bitter taste receptor TAS2R and hepatic detoxification enzyme GST.

• Project/Area Number: 15K14728
• Research Category: Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Exploratory Research
• Allocation Type: Multi-year Fund
• Research Field: Food science
• Research Institution: Tohoku University
• Principal Investigator: Komai Michio 東北大学, 農学研究科, 教授 (80143022)
• Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha): 後藤 知子 東北大学, 農学研究科, 助教 (00342783) ; 白川 仁 東北大学, 農学研究科, 准教授 (40206280)
• Co-Investigator(Renkei-kenkyūsha): ISONO KUNIO 東北大学, 大学院農学研究科, 技術補佐員 (70124550)
• Research Collaborator: YAMAKI MICHIKO 東北生活文化大学, 助教
• Project Period (FY): 2015-04-01 – 2017-03-31
• Project Status: Completed (Fiscal Year 2016)
• Budget Amount: ¥3,640,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥840,000); Fiscal Year 2016: ¥1,430,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥330,000); Fiscal Year 2015: ¥2,210,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,700,000、Indirect Cost: ¥510,000)
• Keywords: 苦味受容体 / ＴＡＳ２Ｒ３８ / 消化器癌患者 / 健常者 / 苦味感受性 / グルタチオン-S トランスフェラーゼ（ＧＳＴ） / TAS2R38 / TAS2R46 / phenylthiocarbamide（PTC） / TAS2R / bitter taste receptor / GSH S-transferase / gene polymorphism / cruciforous plant

Outline of Final Research Achievements

The involvement of bitter taste receptor, TAS2Rs in cancers has not been well understood. So, we conducted a pilot study by genotyping two TAS2R genes, TAS2R38 and TAS2R46, in Japanese cancer patients diagnosed with the digestive cancer. As a results, we confirmed that phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) non-tasters homozygous (AVI/AVI) for TAS2R38 were more frequent among Japanese cancer patients than those among control subjects, which indicates that the AVI/AVI genotype for TAS2R38 was therefore considered to increase cancer risk.

Research Products

• [Journal Article] Genotyping analysis of bitter-taste receptor genes TAS2R38 and TAS2R46 in Japanese patients with gastrointestinal cancers. (2017)
  • Author(s): Yamaki, M, Saito, H, Isono, K, Goto, T, Shirakawa, H, Komai, M., et al.
  • Journal Title: J. Nutritional Science and Vitaminology Volume: 63 Pages: 155-161
  • NAID: 130005680625
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Acknowledgement Compliant
• [Journal Article] Properties of Zip4 accumulation during zinc deficiency and its usefulness to evaluate zinc status: a study of the effects of zinc deficiency during lactation (2016)
  • Author(s): Hashimoto A, Nakagawa M, Tsujimura N, Miyazaki S, Kizu K, Goto T, Komatsu Y, Matsunaga A, Shirakawa H, Narita H, Kambe T, Komai M
  • Journal Title: Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol Volume: 310 Issue: 5 Pages: R459-R468
  • DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00439.2015
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Acknowledgement Compliant
• [Presentation] Contribution of bitter receptor TAS2Rs and Glutathione S-transferases on preference and bitterness of the cruciferous vegetables. (2016)
  • Author(s): Yamaki, M, Saito, H, Isono, K, Goto, T, Shirakawa, H, Komai, M, et al.
  • Organizer: Intl Symposium of Olfaction and Taste 2016
  • Place of Presentation: Pacifico Yokohama （横浜市）
  • Year and Date: 2016-06-05
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Evaluation of individual bitterness sensitivities to phenylthiocarbamide and 6-n-propylthiouracil associated with sex difference and self-reported bitterness sensitivity to grapefruit. (2016)
  • Author(s): Saito, H, Yamaki, M, Numakura, Y, Iribe, M, Ishikura, A, Isono, K, Goto, T, Shirakawa, H, Komai, M
  • Organizer: Intl Symposium of Olfaction and Taste 2016
  • Place of Presentation: Pacifico Yokohama （横浜市）
  • Year and Date: 2016-06-05
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] 苦味感受性の個人差と苦味レセプターTAS2Rと肝臓解毒酵素の遺伝子多型に関する研究 (2015)
  • Author(s): 八巻美智子、齋藤弘貴、磯野邦夫、後藤知子、白川仁、駒井三千夫
  • Organizer: 日本味と匂学会第49回大会
  • Place of Presentation: じゅうろくプラザ（岐阜県岐阜市）
  • Year and Date: 2015-09-25
• [Presentation] アブラナ科植物等 の苦味感受性の個人差と苦味レセプ ターTAS2Rの遺伝子多型 (2015)
  • Author(s): 駒井三千夫
  • Organizer: 日本食品機械研究会
  • Place of Presentation: 大阪国際会議場（大阪府大阪市）
  • Year and Date: 2015-09-04
  • Invited