Development of Crystal Structure Control for Innovative Metal Nanomaterials

• Project/Area Number: 15K17831
• Research Category: Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B)
• Allocation Type: Multi-year Fund
• Research Field: Inorganic chemistry
• Research Institution: Kyoto University
• Principal Investigator: Kusada Kohei 京都大学, 理学研究科, 特定助教 (50741857)
• Project Period (FY): 2015-04-01 – 2018-03-31
• Project Status: Completed (Fiscal Year 2017)
• Budget Amount: ¥4,160,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥960,000); Fiscal Year 2017: ¥1,040,000 (Direct Cost: ¥800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥240,000); Fiscal Year 2016: ¥1,040,000 (Direct Cost: ¥800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥240,000); Fiscal Year 2015: ¥2,080,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥480,000)
• Keywords: ナノ粒子 / 金属 / 触媒 / 結晶構造 / 結晶構造制御 / 金属ナノ粒子 / fcc / hcp / ルテニウム / ロジウム / パラジウム / 白金

Outline of Final Research Achievements

To develop the systematic way to control the crystal structure of metal nanoparticles, we observe the formation process of Ru nanoparticles by in-situ experiments and synthesized novel monometallic and alloy nanoparticles. It was indicated that the structure of crystal nuclei in the formation process was important, and we found that the effect of metal precursors and the fine tuning of the reduction speed of different metal ions allowed us to control the structure of crystal nuclei for monometallic and alloy nanoparticles, respectively. Furthermore, the crystal structure of metal nanoparticles have an effect on their catalytic properties and it was shown that the crystal structure control would promote the effective usage of elements.

Research Products

• [Journal Article] Selective control of fcc and hcp crystal structures in Au?Ru solid-solution alloy nanoparticles (2018)
  • Author(s): Zhang Quan、Kusada Kohei、Wu Dongshuang、Yamamoto Tomokazu、Toriyama Takaaki、Matsumura Syo、Kawaguchi Shogo、Kubota Yoshiki、Kitagawa Hiroshi
  • Journal Title: Nature Communications Volume: 9 Issue: 1 Pages: 510-510
  • DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-02933-6
  • NAID: 120006384171
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] Solid-Solution Alloy Nanoparticles of the Immiscible Iridium-Copper System with a Wide Composition Range for Enhanced Electrocatalytic Applications (2018)
  • Author(s): Wang Fenglong、Kusada Kohei、Wu Dongshuang、Yamamoto Tomokazu、Toriyama Takaaki、Matsumura Syo、Nanba Yusuke、Koyama Michihisa、Kitagawa Hiroshi
  • Journal Title: Angewandte Chemie International Edition Volume: 57 Issue: 17 Pages: 4505-4509
  • DOI: 10.1002/anie.201800650
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Crystal Structure-dependent Thermal Stability and Catalytic Performance of AuRu3 Solid-solution Alloy Nanoparticles (2018)
  • Author(s): Zhang Quan、Kusada Kohei、Wu Dongshuang、Kawaguchi Shogo、Kubota Yoshiki、Kitagawa Hiroshi
  • Journal Title: Chemistry Letters Volume: 47 Issue: 4 Pages: 559-561
  • DOI: 10.1246/cl.180047
  • NAID: 130006638876
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Stacking fault density and bond orientational order of fcc ruthenium nanoparticles (2017)
  • Author(s): Okkyun Seo, Osami Sakata, Jae Myung Kim, Satoshi Hiroi, Chulho Song, L. S. R. Kumara, Koji Ohara, Shun Dekura, Kohei Kusada, Hirokazu Kobayashi, and Hiroshi Kitagawa
  • Journal Title: Applied Physics Letters Volume: 111 Issue: 25 Pages: 253101-253101
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.5006830
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] First-Principles Calculation, Synthesis and Catalytic Properties of Rh1-xCux Alloy Nanoparticles (2017)
  • Author(s): T. Komatsu, H. Kobayashi, K. Kusada, Y. Kubota, M. Takata, T. Yamamoto, S. Matsumura, K. Sato, K. Nagaoka, H. Kitagawa
  • Journal Title: Chemistry - European Journal Volume: 23 Issue: 1 Pages: 57-60
  • DOI: 10.1002/chem.201604286
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Electronic Structure Evolution with Composition Alteration of RhxCuy Alloy Nanoparticles (2017)
  • Author(s): N. Palina, O. Sakata, L. S. R. Kumara, C. Song, K. Sato, K. Nagaoka, T. Komatsu, H. Kobayashi, K. Kusada, H. Kitagawa
  • Journal Title: Scientific Reports Volume: 7 Issue: 1 Pages: 41264-41264
  • DOI: 10.1038/srep41264
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] A Synthetic Pseudo-Rh: NOx Reduction Activity and Electronic Structure of Pd-Ru Solid-solution Alloy Nanoparticles (2016)
  • Author(s): K. Sato, H. Tomonaga, T. Yamamoto, S. Matsumura, D. Zulkifli, T. Ishimoto, M. Koyama, K. Kusada, H. Kobayashi, H. Kitagawa, K. Nagaoka
  • Journal Title: Scientific Reports Volume: 6 Issue: 1 Pages: 28265-28265
  • DOI: 10.1038/srep28265
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] Size Dependence of Structural Parameters in fcc and hcp Ru Nanoparticles, Revealed by Rietveld Refinement Analysis of High-energy X-ray Diffraction Data (2016)
  • Author(s): C. Song, O. Sakata, L. S. R. Kumara, S. Kohara, A. Yang, K. Kusada, H. Kobayashi, H. Kitagawa
  • Journal Title: Scientific Reports Volume: 6 Issue: 1 Pages: 31400-31400
  • DOI: 10.1038/srep31400
  • NAID: 120005860052
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] Origin of the Catalytic Activity of Face-Centered-Cubic Ruthenium Nanoparticles Determined from an Atomic-Scale Structure (2016)
  • Author(s): L. S. R. Kumara, O. Sakata, S. Kohara, A. Yang, C. Song, K. Kusada, H. Kobayashi, H. Kitagawa
  • Journal Title: Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics Volume: 18 Issue: 44 Pages: 30622-30629
  • DOI: 10.1039/c6cp04088h
  • NAID: 120005856165
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] Structural Studies of Metal Nanoparticles using High-energy X-ray Diffraction (2016)
  • Author(s): L. S. R. Kumara, O. Sakata, S. Kohara, A. Yang, C. Song, K. Kusada, H. Kobayashi, H. Kitagawa
  • Journal Title: AIP Conference Proceedings Volume: 1741 Pages: 050016-050016
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.4952936
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Recent progress in the structure control of Pd-Ru bimetallic nanomaterials (2016)
  • Author(s): D. Wu, K. Kusada, H. Kitagawa
  • Journal Title: Journal of Science and Technology of advanced Materials Volume: 17 Issue: 1 Pages: 583-596
  • DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2016.1221727
  • NAID: 120006323759
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] A Route for Phase Control in Metal Nanoparticles: A Potential Strategy to Create Advanced Materials (2016)
  • Author(s): K. Kusada and H. Kitagawa
  • Journal Title: Advanced Materials Volume: 28 Issue: 6 Pages: 1129-1142
  • DOI: 10.1002/adma.201502881
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Creation of Novel Solid-Solution Alloy Nanoparticles on the Basis of Density-of-States Engineering by Interelement Fusion (2015)
  • Author(s): H. Kobayashi, K. Kusada, H. Kitagawa
  • Journal Title: Accounts of Chemical Research Volume: 48 Issue: 6 Pages: 1551-1559
  • DOI: 10.1021/ar500413e
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Hybrid Materials of Ni NP@MOF prepared by a Simple Synthetic Method (2015)
  • Author(s): M. Mukoyoshi, H. Kobayashi, K. Kusada, M. Hayashi, T. Yamada, M. Maesato, Jared M. Taylor, Y. Kubota, K. Kato, M. Takata, T. Yamamoto, S. Matsumura, H. Kitagawa
  • Journal Title: Chemical Communications Volume: 51 Issue: 62 Pages: 10169-10172
  • DOI: 10.1039/c5cc04663g
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] Dual Lewis Acidic/Basic Pd0.5Ru0.5-Poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) Alloyed Nanoparticle: Outstanding Catalytic Activity and Selectivity in Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-Coupling Reaction (2015)
  • Author(s): M.S. Kutubi, K. Sato, K. Wada, T. Yamamoto, S. Matsumura, K. Kusada, H. Kobayashi, H. Kitagawa , K. Nagaoka
  • Journal Title: ChemCatChem Volume: 7 Issue: 23 Pages: 3887-3894
  • DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201500758
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Presentation] 新規な結晶構造を有する金属ナノ粒子の合成とその触媒特性 (2018)
  • Author(s): 草田康平
  • Organizer: 表面科学技術研究会2018 「ナノ粒子を取り巻く現状と今後の展望 －ナノ粒子応用への期待とリスク－」
  • Invited
• [Presentation] Selective control of crystal structure in solid-solution alloy; fcc and hcp phases in Au-Ru nanoparticles (2018)
  • Author(s): Quan Zhang, Kohei Kusada, Dongshuang Wu, Tomokazu Yamamoto, Takaaki Toriyama, Syo Matsumura, Shogo Kawaguchi, Yoshiki Kubota & Hiroshi Kitagawa
  • Organizer: 日本化学会 第98春季年会 (2018)
• [Presentation] Development of Phase-Controlled Metal Nanoparticles for Catalytic Applications (2017)
  • Author(s): Kohei Kusada
  • Organizer: The International Symposium on Pure & Applied Chemistry (ISPAC) 2017
  • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
• [Presentation] Au-Ru合金ナノ粒子の原子分解能HAADF-STEMトモグラフィー観察 (2017)
  • Author(s): 山本 知一，重松 晃次，張 権，Jens Maebe，草田 康平，北川 宏，松村 晶
  • Organizer: 日本顕微鏡学会第72回学術講演会
• [Presentation] PdRu-Rh固溶合金ナノ粒子の熱安定性 (2017)
  • Author(s): 河野 芳輝, 阿内 三成, 山本 知一, 草田 康平, 北川 宏, 松村 晶
  • Organizer: 日本金属学会2017年秋期講演大会
• [Presentation] PtRu合金ナノ粒子の原子分解能STEMトモグラフィー観察 (2017)
  • Author(s): 山本 知一, 重松 晃次, 草田 康平, 北川 宏, 松村 晶
  • Organizer: 日本金属学会2017年秋期講演大会
• [Presentation] Syntheses and catalysis of phase-controlled nanoparticles (2017)
  • Author(s): Kohei Kusada
  • Organizer: Joint UK-Japan Symposium on Nanomaterials, Catalysis and Hydrogen Research
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] 新規ロジウム炭化物の合成 (2017)
  • Author(s): 脇坂拓生、草田康平、山本知一、松村晶、Natalia Mueller、坂田修身、北川宏
  • Organizer: 第15回京都大学物性科学センター講演会・研究交流会
• [Presentation] hcp及びfcc構造Ruナノ粒子の形成機構の解明 (2017)
  • Author(s): 荒木直樹、草田康平、吉岡聰、杉山武晴、伊奈稔哲、北川宏
  • Organizer: XAFS夏の学校2017
• [Presentation] Synthesis of Rhodium Carbide Nanoparticles (2017)
  • Author(s): Takuo Wakisaka, Kohei Kusada, Tomokazu Yammamoto, Syo Matsumura, Natalia Mueller, Osami Sakata, Hiroshi Kitagawa
  • Organizer: Joint UK-Japan Symposium on Nanomaterials, Catalysis and Hydrogen Research
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Atomic-resolution electron tomography of Ru alloy nanoparticles (2017)
  • Author(s): Tomokazu Yamamoto, Koji Shigematsu, Zhang Quan, Kouhei Kusada, Hiroshi Kitagawa, Syo Matsumura
  • Organizer: Joint UK-Japan Symposium on Nanomaterials, Catalysis and Hydrogen Research
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Development of New Alloy Nanomaterials for Catalytic Applications on the Basis of DOS Engineering (2017)
  • Author(s): Kohei Kusada, Dongshuan Wu, Tomokazu Yamamoto, Syo Matsumura, Katsutoshi Sato, Katsutoshi Nagaoka, Xie Wei, Nor Diana Binti Zulkifli, Yusuke Nanba, Michihisa Koyama, Hiroshi Kitagawa
  • Organizer: 日本化学会 第97春季年会 (2017)
  • Place of Presentation: 慶應義塾大学 日吉キャンパス（神奈川県・横浜市）
• [Presentation] PtRu合金ナノ粒子の合成とその構造および物性の評価 (2017)
  • Author(s): 池渕 徹也、草田 康平、北川 宏
  • Organizer: 日本化学会第97回春季年会
  • Place of Presentation: 慶應義塾大学 日吉キャンパス（神奈川県・横浜市）
• [Presentation] Synthesis of Au-Ru Solid-Solution Alloy Nanoparticles and Investigation of Their Catalytic Property (2017)
  • Author(s): ZHANG, Quan; KUSADA, Kohei; YAMAMOTO, Tomokazu; MATSUMURA, Syo; KITAGAWA, Hiroshi
  • Organizer: 日本化学会第97回春季年会
  • Place of Presentation: 慶應義塾大学 日吉キャンパス（神奈川県・横浜市）
• [Presentation] Crystal-structure Control of PdRu Solid-solution Nanoalloys and Catalytic Performance in Oxygen Evolution Reaction (2017)
  • Author(s): Dongshuang Wu, Kohei Kusada, Tomokazu Yamamoto, Syo Matsumura, Hiroshi Kitagawa
  • Organizer: 日本化学会第97回春季年会
  • Place of Presentation: 慶應義塾大学 日吉キャンパス（神奈川県・横浜市）
• [Presentation] 新規ロジウム炭化物の合成と同定 (2016)
  • Author(s): 脇坂 拓生, 草田 康平, 山本 知一, 吉岡 聰, 東原 登史希, 松村 晶, 北川 宏
  • Organizer: 日本化学会 第96春季年会
  • Place of Presentation: 同志社大学
  • Year and Date: 2016-03-25
• [Presentation] A Route for Phase Control in Metal Nanoparticles: Syntheses and Catalytic Properties (2016)
  • Author(s): Kohei Kusada
  • Organizer: EMN Meeting on Nanoparticles 2016
  • Place of Presentation: Peninsula Excelsior Hotel, Singapore
  • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
• [Presentation] 金属ナノ粒子における相制御合成と新規材料開発手法としての可能性 (2016)
  • Author(s): 草田康平
  • Organizer: 触媒学会ナノ構造触媒研究会講演会 『特異的ナノ構造のもたらす触媒作用』
  • Place of Presentation: 東京工業大学すずかけ台キャンパス（神奈川県・横浜市）
  • Invited
• [Presentation] Syntheses and Catalytic Properties of Phase Controlled Metal NPs (2016)
  • Author(s): Kohei Kusada
  • Organizer: 2nd Korea-Japan Joint Symposium on Hydrogen in Materials
  • Place of Presentation: Gachon university, Korea
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] 新規ロジウム炭化物ナノ粒子の戦略的合成と構造決定 (2016)
  • Author(s): 脇坂拓生、草田康平、山本知一、吉岡聰、東原登史希、松村晶、久保田佳基、北川宏
  • Organizer: ナノ学会第14回大会
  • Place of Presentation: 北九州国際会議場（福岡県・北九州市）
• [Presentation] 新規ロジウム炭化物の戦略的合成 (2016)
  • Author(s): 脇坂拓生、草田康平、山本知一、吉岡聰、東原登史希、松村晶、久保田佳基、北川宏
  • Organizer: 第10回分子科学討論会
  • Place of Presentation: 神戸ファッションマート（兵庫県・神戸市）
• [Presentation] 新規ロジウム炭化物ナノ粒子の戦略的合成 (2016)
  • Author(s): 脇坂拓生、草田康平、山本知一、吉岡聰、東原登史希、松村晶、久保田佳基、北川宏
  • Organizer: 第67回コロイドおよび界面化学討論会
  • Place of Presentation: 北海道教育大学旭川校（北海道・旭川市）
• [Presentation] Syntheses and physical properties of AgRh solid solution alloy nanoparticles coated with HKUST-1 (2015)
  • Author(s): Guangqin Li, Hirokazu Kobayashi, Kohei Kusada, Hiroshi Kitagawa
  • Organizer: Pacifichem 2015
  • Place of Presentation: Hawaii, USA
  • Year and Date: 2015-12-19
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Significant Enhancement of Hydrogen-storage Capacity and Speed in Metal Nanocrystals Covered with a Metal–organic Framework (2015)
  • Author(s): Hirokazu Kobayashi, Guangqin Li, Kohei Kusada, Hiroshi Kitagawa
  • Organizer: Pacifichem 2015
  • Place of Presentation: Hawaii, USA
  • Year and Date: 2015-12-19
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] PdRu solid-solution Nanoparticles: Size-controllable synthesis and size-dependent catalytic properties (2015)
  • Author(s): Dongshuang Wu, Kohei Kusada, Hiroshi Kitagawa
  • Organizer: Pacifichem2015
  • Place of Presentation: Hawaii, USA
  • Year and Date: 2015-12-17
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Creation of new metal nanoparticles having non-equilibrium phases based on the “Crystal structure control” and “Inter-element-fusion” strategies (2015)
  • Author(s): Kohei Kusada
  • Organizer: Pacifichem2015
  • Place of Presentation: Hawaii, USA
  • Year and Date: 2015-12-15
  • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
• [Book] 分野別触媒研究の現状と将来動向-金属触媒 元素間融合・レアメタル代替、触媒年鑑２０１７ (2017)
  • Author(s): 草田康平、小林浩和、北川宏
  • Total Pages: 9
  • Publisher: 触媒学会
• [Patent(Industrial Property Rights)] 固溶体ナノ粒子及びその製造方法並びに触媒 (2018)
  • Inventor(s): 草田康平、北川宏、Wu Dongshuang、張権
  • Industrial Property Rights Holder: 草田康平、北川宏、Wu Dongshuang、張権
  • Industrial Property Rights Type: 特許
  • Industrial Property Number: 2018-021386
  • Filing Date: 2018
• [Patent(Industrial Property Rights)] ＰｄＲｕ固溶体ナノ粒子、その製造方法及び触媒、ＰｔＲｕ固溶体ナノ粒子の結晶構造を制御する方法、並びにＡｕＲｕ固溶体ナノ粒子及びその製造方法 (2018)
  • Inventor(s): Wu Dongshuang、北川宏、草田康平、張権、池渕徹也
  • Industrial Property Rights Holder: Wu Dongshuang、北川宏、草田康平、張権、池渕徹也
  • Industrial Property Rights Type: 特許
  • Filing Date: 2018
  • Overseas
• [Patent(Industrial Property Rights)] ＰｄＲｕ固溶体ナノ粒子、その製造方法及び触媒、ＰｔＲｕ固溶体ナノ粒子の結晶構造を制御する方法、並びにＡｕＲｕ固溶体ナノ粒子及びその製造方法 (2017)
  • Inventor(s): 北川宏、草田康平、吴冬霜、張権、池渕徹也
  • Industrial Property Rights Holder: 北川宏、草田康平、吴冬霜、張権、池渕徹也
  • Industrial Property Rights Type: 特許
  • Industrial Property Number: 2017-038497
  • Filing Date: 2017-03-01
• [Patent(Industrial Property Rights)] 金属ナノ粒子製造方法、その製造装置、並びにその金属ナノ粒子 (2017)
  • Inventor(s): 草田康平、北川宏
  • Industrial Property Rights Holder: 草田康平、北川宏
  • Industrial Property Rights Type: 特許
  • Industrial Property Number: 2017-034839
  • Filing Date: 2017-02-27
• [Patent(Industrial Property Rights)] ：担持触媒の製造方法 (2016)
  • Inventor(s): 草田康平、北川宏、池田泰之、丸子智弘、竹内正史
  • Industrial Property Rights Holder: 草田康平、北川宏、池田泰之、丸子智弘、竹内正史
  • Industrial Property Rights Type: 特許
  • Industrial Property Number: 2016-035495
  • Filing Date: 2016-02-26
• [Patent(Industrial Property Rights)] ロジウム炭化物およびその製造方法 (2016)
  • Inventor(s): 北川宏、草田康平、脇坂拓生
  • Industrial Property Rights Holder: 北川宏、草田康平、脇坂拓生
  • Industrial Property Rights Type: 特許
  • Industrial Property Number: 2016-040786
  • Filing Date: 2016-03-03
• [Patent(Industrial Property Rights)] ３元系固溶体微粒子及びその製造方法並びに触媒 (2016)
  • Inventor(s): 北川宏、草田康平
  • Industrial Property Rights Holder: 北川宏、草田康平
  • Industrial Property Rights Type: 特許
  • Industrial Property Number: 2016-040763
  • Filing Date: 2016-03-03
• [Patent(Industrial Property Rights)] PdRu合金電極材料およびその製造方法 (2016)
  • Inventor(s): 渡邉慶樹、宮嶋圭太、北川宏、草田康平
  • Industrial Property Rights Holder: 渡邉慶樹、宮嶋圭太、北川宏、草田康平
  • Industrial Property Rights Type: 特許
  • Industrial Property Number: 2016-073227
  • Filing Date: 2016-03-31
• [Patent(Industrial Property Rights)] 貴金属固溶体担持微粒子の製造方法 (2016)
  • Inventor(s): 草田康平、北川宏、池田泰之、丸子智弘、竹内正史
  • Industrial Property Rights Holder: 草田康平、北川宏、池田泰之、丸子智弘、竹内正史
  • Industrial Property Rights Type: 特許
  • Filing Date: 2016-02-26
  • Overseas
• [Patent(Industrial Property Rights)] 高分子保護材フリー担持触媒の製造方法 (2016)
  • Inventor(s): 草田康平、北川宏、池田泰之、丸子智弘、竹内正史
  • Industrial Property Rights Holder: 草田康平、北川宏、池田泰之、丸子智弘、竹内正史
  • Industrial Property Rights Type: 特許
  • Filing Date: 2016-02-26
  • Overseas
• [Patent(Industrial Property Rights)] 高分子保護材フリー担持触媒の製造方法 (2016)
  • Inventor(s): 草田康平、北川宏、池田泰之、丸子智弘、竹内正史
  • Industrial Property Rights Holder: 草田康平、北川宏、池田泰之、丸子智弘、竹内正史
  • Industrial Property Rights Type: 特許
  • Filing Date: 2016-02-26
  • Overseas
• [Patent(Industrial Property Rights)] 金属ナノ粒子製造方法、その製造装置、並びに金属ナノ粒子 (2015)
  • Inventor(s): 北川宏、草田康平、阿川義昭、鳥巣重光、坂口賢至
  • Industrial Property Rights Holder: 北川宏、草田康平、阿川義昭、鳥巣重光、坂口賢至
  • Industrial Property Rights Type: 特許
  • Industrial Property Number: 2015-158737
  • Filing Date: 2015-08-11
• [Patent(Industrial Property Rights)] インドール誘導体の合成方法 (2015)
  • Inventor(s): 永岡勝俊、クトゥビ ムハマド シャハジャハン、北川宏、草田康平
  • Industrial Property Rights Holder: 永岡勝俊、クトゥビ ムハマド シャハジャハン、北川宏、草田康平
  • Industrial Property Rights Type: 特許
  • Industrial Property Number: 2015-164995
  • Filing Date: 2015-08-24