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Development of Polarimetric Techniques to Investigate Habitability of Exoplanets

Research Project

Project/Area Number 15K21296
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B)

Allocation TypeMulti-year Fund
Research Field Astronomy
Solid earth and planetary physics
Research InstitutionUniversity of Hyogo

Principal Investigator

Takahashi Jun  兵庫県立大学, 自然・環境科学研究所, 特任助教 (80648957)

Project Period (FY) 2015-04-01 – 2020-03-31
Project Status Completed (Fiscal Year 2019)
Budget Amount *help
¥4,160,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥960,000)
Fiscal Year 2018: ¥910,000 (Direct Cost: ¥700,000、Indirect Cost: ¥210,000)
Fiscal Year 2017: ¥650,000 (Direct Cost: ¥500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥150,000)
Fiscal Year 2016: ¥1,170,000 (Direct Cost: ¥900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥270,000)
Fiscal Year 2015: ¥1,430,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥330,000)
Keywords地球照 / 月食 / 偏光観測 / 生命探査 / 系外惑星 / 太陽系外惑星 / 検出可能性 / 光赤外線天文学 / 生命居住可能性 / 観測手法
Outline of Final Research Achievements

We conducted polarimetry for lunar Earthshine and lunar eclipses. Following results have been obtained. (A) Earth's polarization degrees in the near-infrared tend to be larger when the ocean occupies a larger fraction in the reflecting surface. (B) The phase angle for the Earth's maximum polarization is larger in the near-infrared than that in the visible wavelengths. This observed trend probably corresponds to existence of an atmosphere with an Earth-like optical thickness. (C) We obtained the first-ever polarization spectra of the Moon during a lunar eclipse and detected a 2-3% polarization degree at wavelengths shorter than 600 nm and at absorption bands of molecular oxygen. The polarization degree of the Earth's transmitted light may depend on inhomogeneity of the cloud distribution.
These polarimetric signatures may be useful to investigate the habitability of exoplanets.

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

本研究では、月面地球照および月食の偏光観測により、「海の存在」、「大気の透明度」、「大気組成」、「雲の空間分布」に対応すると考えられる特徴を得た。これらはいずれも惑星における生命居住可能性に関係すると考えられ、中でも「海の存在」は生命活動に極めて重要である。本研究で得た観測特徴が太陽系外惑星に見られるかどうかを調べれば、系外惑星の生命居住可能性について情報を得ることができると期待される。つまり、本研究の成果は、有効な地球外生命探査の実現に貢献しうる。「我々は孤独なのか?」という人類社会が抱いてきた根源的な問いに答えるための一歩であるとも言える。

Report

(6 results)
  • 2019 Annual Research Report   Final Research Report ( PDF )
  • 2018 Research-status Report
  • 2017 Research-status Report
  • 2016 Research-status Report
  • 2015 Research-status Report
  • Research Products

    (19 results)

All 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 Other

All Int'l Joint Research (1 results) Journal Article (6 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 1 results,  Peer Reviewed: 5 results,  Open Access: 5 results) Presentation (12 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 2 results,  Invited: 1 results)

  • [Int'l Joint Research] Space Science Institute(米国)

    • Related Report
      2016 Research-status Report
  • [Journal Article] Performance Evaluation of the NIC Polarimetry Mode2020

    • Author(s)
      高橋 隼
    • Journal Title

      Stars and Galaxies

      Volume: 2 Issue: 0 Pages: 3

    • DOI

      10.32231/starsandgalaxies.2.0_3

    • ISSN
      2434-270X
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] 忘れられた謎 月食の偏光2020

    • Author(s)
      高橋 隼
    • Journal Title

      天文月報

      Volume: 113 Pages: 261-268

    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
    • Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Comparison of polarization at two lunar eclipse events2019

    • Author(s)
      Takahashi Jun、Itoh Yoichi、Watanabe Makoto、Akitaya Hiroshi、Takaki Katsutoshi、Kawabata Koji S、Itoh Ryosuke、Oasa Yumiko
    • Journal Title

      Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan

      Volume: 71 Issue: 2 Pages: 47-47

    • DOI

      10.1093/pasj/psz017

    • Related Report
      2018 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Redevelopment of Polarimetry Mode for NIC2018

    • Author(s)
      高橋 隼、禅野 孝広、斎藤 智樹、伊藤 洋一
    • Journal Title

      Stars and Galaxies

      Volume: 1 Issue: 0 Pages: 17-27

    • DOI

      10.32231/starsandgalaxies.1.0_17

    • NAID

      130007620366

    • ISSN
      2434-270X
    • Related Report
      2018 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Polarized Transmission Spectrum of Earth as Observed during a Lunar Eclipse2017

    • Author(s)
      Jun Takahashi, Yoichi Itoh, Kensuke Hosoya, Padma A. Yanamandra-Fisher, Takashi Hattori
    • Journal Title

      The Astronomical Journal

      Volume: 154 Issue: 6 Pages: 1-14

    • DOI

      10.3847/1538-3881/aa91d6

    • Related Report
      2017 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Feasibility of spectro-polarimetric characterization of exoplanetary atmospheres with direct observing instruments2017

    • Author(s)
      Takahashi, J., Matsuo, T., Itoh, Y.
    • Journal Title

      Astronomy & Astrophysics

      Volume: 599 Pages: A56-A56

    • DOI

      10.1051/0004-6361/201628206

    • Related Report
      2016 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Presentation] 地上からの地球観測: 月面地球照・月食2020

    • Author(s)
      高橋 隼
    • Organizer
      ABC若手分野間連携勉強会
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] 西はりま天文台 NICとWFGS2の改良2019

    • Author(s)
      高橋 隼, 本田敏志
    • Organizer
      2019年度せいめいユーザーズミーティング (第29回光赤外ユーザーズミーティング)
    • Related Report
      2019 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 月食偏光の比較: 2014年10月8日と2015年4月4日2019

    • Author(s)
      高橋 隼, 伊藤 洋一, 渡邉 誠, 秋田谷 洋, 高木 勝俊, 川端 弘治, 伊藤 亮介, 大朝 由美子, 石橋 遥子, OISTER collaboration
    • Organizer
      日本天文学会2019年春季年会
    • Related Report
      2018 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] 月食の偏光観測2018

    • Author(s)
      高橋 隼
    • Organizer
      第9回光赤外線天文学大学間連携ワークショップ
    • Related Report
      2018 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] 2015年4月4日皆既月食の偏光分光観測2017

    • Author(s)
      高橋隼, 伊藤洋一, 細谷謙介, Yanamandra-Fisher, P. A., 服部尭
    • Organizer
      日本天文学会 2017年秋季年会
    • Related Report
      2017 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] 月食の偏光観測2017

    • Author(s)
      高橋隼
    • Organizer
      第8回 光赤外線天文学大学間連携ワークショップ
    • Related Report
      2017 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] 偏光分光観測による系外惑星大気調査の実現可能性2016

    • Author(s)
      高橋隼、松尾太郎 、伊藤洋一
    • Organizer
      アストロバイオロジーネットワーク2016年年会
    • Place of Presentation
      東北大学(宮城県仙台市)
    • Year and Date
      2016-09-22
    • Related Report
      2016 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] 偏光分光観測による系外惑星水蒸気探査の実現可能性2016

    • Author(s)
      高橋隼, 松尾太郎, 伊藤洋一
    • Organizer
      日本天文学会2016年秋季年会
    • Place of Presentation
      愛媛大学(愛媛県松山市)
    • Year and Date
      2016-09-14
    • Related Report
      2016 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] Feasibility of Spectro-Polarimetric Detection of Atmospheric Components of Exoplanets2016

    • Author(s)
      Jun Takahashi
    • Organizer
      TMT Science Forum
    • Place of Presentation
      京都市国際交流会館(京都府京都市)
    • Year and Date
      2016-05-26
    • Related Report
      2016 Research-status Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Feasibility Evaluation of Spectro-Polarimetric Detection of Water Vapor in an Atmosphere of Exoplanets2016

    • Author(s)
      Jun Takahashi, Taro Matsuo, Yoichi Itoh
    • Organizer
      Water in the Universe: from clouds to oceans
    • Place of Presentation
      ノールトウェイク(オランダ)
    • Year and Date
      2016-04-12
    • Related Report
      2016 Research-status Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Feasibility Evaluation of Spectro-Polarimetric Detection of Water Vapor in an Atmosphere of Exoplanets2016

    • Author(s)
      Jun Takahashi, Taro Matsuo, Yoichi Itoh
    • Organizer
      Water in the Universe: from Clouds to Oceans
    • Place of Presentation
      ノールトウェイク(オランダ)
    • Year and Date
      2016-04-12
    • Related Report
      2015 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] 皆既月食の偏光観測2015

    • Author(s)
      高橋隼
    • Organizer
      第6回光赤外線天文学大学間連携ワークショップ
    • Place of Presentation
      国立天文台(東京都三鷹市)
    • Year and Date
      2015-11-11
    • Related Report
      2015 Research-status Report

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Published: 2015-04-16   Modified: 2022-11-04  

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