| Budget Amount *help |
¥18,070,000 (Direct Cost: ¥13,900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥4,170,000)
Fiscal Year 2017: ¥1,300,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥300,000)
Fiscal Year 2016: ¥12,220,000 (Direct Cost: ¥9,400,000、Indirect Cost: ¥2,820,000)
Fiscal Year 2015: ¥4,550,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,050,000)
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
Among numerous crystalline phases of ice, the Ih phase is the most stable at atmospheric pressure. It is well established that the orientations of water molecules in the bulk of ice Ih are disordered or random within the ice rules. However, the orientational order of water at surfaces of ice Ih is yet to be established. Although surface proton order of ice Ih has been investigated and suggested by some theoretical studies, no experimental evidence has been reported so far because of the lack of suitable techniques. Here we show that the surfaces of ice Ih definitely have proton order with the OH group pointing upward to the air. We applied an advanced spectroscopic technique to the ice surfaces at ca. 130 K and observed vibrational signatures of the OH stretch that directly indicate H-up orientation of water. Furthermore, we found that this surface proton order takes place irrespective of the faces of ice.
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