| Project/Area Number |
16310004
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| Research Category |
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
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| Allocation Type | Single-year Grants |
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| Section | 一般 |
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| Research Field |
Environmental dynamic analysis
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| Research Institution | Tokyo Institute of Technology |
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Principal Investigator |
KOHSHIMA Shiro Tokyo Institute of Technology, Department of Biological Science, Associate Professor, 大学院生命理工学研究科, 助教授 (60183802)
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| Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) |
USHIDA Kazunari Kyoto Prefectural University, Department of Biological Sciences, Professor, 大学院農学研究科, 教授 (50183017)
SHIRAIWA Takayuki Kyoto Prefectural University, Department of Agriculture, Associate Professor, 助教授 (90235739)
YOSHIMURA Yoshitaka Tamagawa University, Department of Agriculture, Associate Professor, 農学部・生命化学科, 助教授 (90384718)
TAKEUCHI Kozomu Chiba University, Department of Earth Science, Associate Professor, 大学院自然科学研究科, 助教授 (30353452)
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| Project Period (FY) |
2004 – 2006
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| Project Status |
Completed (Fiscal Year 2006)
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| Budget Amount *help |
¥10,000,000 (Direct Cost: ¥10,000,000)
Fiscal Year 2006: ¥2,500,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,500,000)
Fiscal Year 2005: ¥3,000,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,000,000)
Fiscal Year 2004: ¥4,500,000 (Direct Cost: ¥4,500,000)
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| Keywords | ice core / microorganism / glacier / past environment / algae / bacteria / gene analysis / snow and ice |
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| Research Abstract |
We improved the method of biological ice-core analysis applying the following new techniques of DNA analysis, such as species identification by 16SrRNA gene analysis, RT-PCR and microbial community analysis by DGGE method. These improvements enabled identification and quantification of bacteria and cyanobacteria in the ice-cores and snow and ice samples which had been difficult with old techniques.
We collected ice-core samples in Russian Altai, European Alps, Chilean Andes, Alaska and analyzed biotic contents in these cores, such as snow algae, bacteria, fungi and pollens. In all these analyses, we could show that we can use the snow algae and pollens in the ice core as a good markers for annual layers useful for accurate dating of mid-latitude ice cores. We also examined bacterial DNA in the Antarctic ice cores for potential use as new environmental markers for the study on the past environment. We found that the Antarctic ice core preserved many ancient airborne bacteria and that bac
… More
terial community contained in the ice core differed between the samples of glacial age and interglacial age. The results suggest that air borne bacteria in the Antarctic ice cores could be new environmental markers if we can identify the source of the bacteria. So, we also started preliminary sampling and analysis of airborne bacteria released from Amazonian tropical rain forest, one of the possible source of bacteria stored in the Antarctic ice cores.
To make comparative studies among glacier ecosystems of various part of the world, we collected microbiologial samples at the glaciers of the following regions: Russian Altai, Alaska mountain-range, European Alps, Chilean Andes and Rwenzori mountains of Uganda. By analyzing these samples with new methods, we could obtain many results important to understand glacier ecosystems and improve biological ice-core analysis. For example, we could find more than 10 new bacterial species adapted to cold environment in the snow and ice. The results of these analyses also showed that bacterial community on the glacier changed depending on the altitude. The result implies that we can use bacteria in the ice core as new environmental markers as well as snow algae because their their biomass and species composition change with environmental condition.[ Less
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