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Multi-photon Absorption Spectroscopy for Three-dimensional Nanoscale Imaging of GaN

Research Project

Project/Area Number 16310076
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

Allocation TypeSingle-year Grants
Section一般
Research Field Nanomaterials/Nanobioscience
Research InstitutionHOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY

Principal Investigator

TODA Yasunori  Hokkaido Univ., Grad. School of Eng., Asso.Prof., 大学院工学研究科, 助教授 (00313106)

Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) ADACHI Satoru  Hokkaido Univ., Grad. School of Eng., Asso.Prof., 大学院工学研究科, 助教授 (10221722)
ARAKAWA Yasuhiko  Univ. of Tokyo, Institute of Industrial Science, Prof., 生産技術研究所, 教授 (30134638)
Project Period (FY) 2004 – 2006
Project Status Completed (Fiscal Year 2006)
Budget Amount *help
¥11,300,000 (Direct Cost: ¥11,300,000)
Fiscal Year 2006: ¥1,100,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,100,000)
Fiscal Year 2005: ¥1,400,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,400,000)
Fiscal Year 2004: ¥8,800,000 (Direct Cost: ¥8,800,000)
KeywordsGallium Nitride / Nonlinear spectroscopy / Two-photon absorption / Exciton / Time-resolved spectroscopy / Four-wave mixing / 不純物
Research Abstract

Since strain and defects in semiconductors directly connect with the device performance, the influence has been studied extensively so far. Generally, there are various types of defects ranging from an atomic to a microscopic scale depending on the substrate, structure and growth conditions. In addition, the local strain fields due to mismatches in the lattice constants and the defects/impurities are also important for the thin films grown on foreign substrates. Therefore, three-dimensional (3D) analysis with a high spatial resolution is necessary for the precise characterization.
One approach to the optical characterization in 3D is the use of nonlinear processes, in which excitation well below the band-gap allows for cross-sectional analysis at any depth. Furthermore, the use of nonlinear spectroscopy often provides significant enhancement of the signal sensitivity. In this work, we demonstrated i) multiphoton induced absorption imaging and ii) four-wave mixing (FWM) spectroscopy for … More the precise characterization of Gallium Nitride (GaN) in terms of strain and defects. Both techniques developed here allow for nondestructive and noninvasive optical characterization not only for GaN but also for other semiconductor materials including nanostructures, which would be useful for diagnosing complex device structures.
In the two-photon absorption (TPA) imaging, we successfully mapped out the 3D distribution of defects with high spatial resolution. Moreover, using transient TPA measurements, we were able to obtain precise TPA coefficient that is one of the useful parameters for evaluating the optical damage threshold. In the GaN films, we showed that localized regions exist with significantly higher TPA coefficients, possibly due to the concentrations of defect states on a microscopic scale. In another nonlinear spectroscopy based on degenerate FWM technique, we successfully mapped out the local strain-field very precisely. Since the diffraction signal in FWM increases as the fourth power of the exciton oscillator strength, the exciton spectra show strong polarizations resulting from the uniaxial strain in the sample. The highly polarized spectra allow us to determine the precise splitting energy imposed by the local strain and defects. We measured various samples including GaN films on isotropic substrates, and examined the lower limit of detectable uniaxial strain, which is comparable with the resolution of conventional X-ray diffraction analysis.
Since the diffraction signal in FWM increases as the fourth power of the exciton oscillator strength, the exciton spectra show strong polarizations resulting from the uniaxial strain in the sample. The highly polarized spectra allow us to determine the precise splitting energy imposed by the local strain and defects. We measured various samples including GaN films on isotropic substrates, and examined the lower limit of detectable uniaxial strain, which is comparable with the resolution of conventional X-ray diffraction analysis. Less

Report

(4 results)
  • 2006 Annual Research Report   Final Research Report Summary
  • 2005 Annual Research Report
  • 2004 Annual Research Report
  • Research Products

    (43 results)

All 2007 2006 2005 2004

All Journal Article (37 results) Book (2 results) Patent(Industrial Property Rights) (4 results)

  • [Journal Article] Exciton spin relaxation in GaN observed by spin grating experiment2007

    • Author(s)
      T Ishiguro, Y Toda, S Adachi
    • Journal Title

      Appl. Phys. Lett. 90

      Pages: 11904-11904

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2006 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] Coherent manipulation of A and B excitons in GaN2007

    • Author(s)
      T.Ishiguro, Y.Toda, S.Adachi
    • Journal Title

      Phys. Stat. Sol. (c) (in press)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2006 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] Time-resolved four-wave mixing studies of excitons in GaN2007

    • Author(s)
      K.Yamaguchi, Y.Toda, T.Ishiguro, S.Adachi, others(2)
    • Journal Title

      Phys. Stat. Sol. (c) (in press)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2006 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] Exciton spin relaxation in GaN observed by spin grating experiment2007

    • Author(s)
      T.Ishiguro, Y.Toda, S.Adachi
    • Journal Title

      Appl. Phys. Lett. 90

      Pages: 11904-11904

    • Related Report
      2006 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Coherent manipulation of A and B excitons in GaN2007

    • Author(s)
      T.Ishiguro, Y.Toda, S.Adachi others(3)
    • Journal Title

      Phys. Stat. Sol. (c) (In press)

    • Related Report
      2006 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Four-wave mixing measurements of biexcitons in uniaxially-strained GaN films2006

    • Author(s)
      S.Adachi, Y.Toda, T.Ishiguro
    • Journal Title

      Phys. Stat. Sol. (b) 243

      Pages: 1568-1571

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2006 Annual Research Report 2006 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] Degenerate four-wave mixing spectroscopy of GaN films on various substrates2006

    • Author(s)
      T.Ishiguro, Y.Toda, S.Adachi, others(2), Y.Arakawa
    • Journal Title

      Phys. Stat. Sol. (b) 243

      Pages: 1560-1563

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2006 Annual Research Report 2006 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] Transient pump-probe measurements for polarized excitons in strained GaN epitaxial layers2006

    • Author(s)
      T.Ishiguro, Y.Toda, S.Adachi, H.Arita, Y.Arakawa
    • Journal Title

      Phys. Stat. Sol. (b) 243

      Pages: 1564-1567

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2006 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] In-plane anisotropy in uniaxially-strained GaN films detected by optical diffraction technique2006

    • Author(s)
      S Adachi, Y Toda, T Ishiguro, K Hoshino, Y Arakawa
    • Journal Title

      Phys. Stat. Sol. (c) 3

      Pages: 1595-1598

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2006 Annual Research Report 2006 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] Transient pump-probe measurements for polarized excitons in strained GaN epitaxial layers2006

    • Author(s)
      T.Ishiguro, Y.Toda, S.Adachi, M.Arita, Y.Arakawa
    • Journal Title

      Phys. Stat. Sol. (b) 243

      Pages: 1564-1567

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2006 Annual Research Report 2006 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] Degenerate four-wave mixing spectroscopy of GaN films on various substrates2006

    • Author(s)
      Y.Toda, S.Adachi, T.ishiguro, T.Mukai, K.Hoshino, Y.Arakawa
    • Journal Title

      Phys.Stat.Sol.(c) (In press)

    • Related Report
      2005 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Transient pump-probe measurements for polarized excitons in strained GaN epitaxial layers2006

    • Author(s)
      Y.Toda, S.Adachi, T.ishiguro, M.Arita, Y.Arakaw
    • Journal Title

      Phys.Stat.Sol.(c) (In press)

    • Related Report
      2005 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] In-plane anisotoropy in uniaxially-strained GaN films detected by optical diffraction technique2006

    • Author(s)
      S.Adachi, Y.Toda, T.ishiguro, K.Hoshino, Y.Arakawa
    • Journal Title

      Phys.Stat.Sol.(b) (In press)

    • Related Report
      2005 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Four-wave mixing measurements of biexcitons in uniaxially-strained GaN films2006

    • Author(s)
      S.Adachi, Y.Toda
    • Journal Title

      Phys.Stat.Sol.(c) (In press)

    • Related Report
      2005 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Three-dimensional imaging of GaN films using transient two-photon absorption excited by near-infrared laser pulses2005

    • Author(s)
      Y.Abe, Y.Toda, K.Hoshino, Y.Arakawa
    • Journal Title

      Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 44

    • NAID

      10015726298

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2006 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] Optical diffraction spectroscopy of excitons in uniaxially-strained GaN films2005

    • Author(s)
      Y.Toda, S.Adachi, Y.Abe, K.Hoshino, Y.Arakawa
    • Journal Title

      Phys Rev. B 71

      Pages: 195315-195315

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2006 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] Spectrally-resolved nonlinear spectroscopy of in-plane anisotropy in uniaxially-strained GaN epilayers2005

    • Author(s)
      S.Adachi, Y.Toda
    • Journal Title

      Phys. Stat. Sol. (c) 2

      Pages: 3936-3940

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2006 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] Polarization and wave-vector dependent measurements by four-wave mixing in ZnO : Valence-band ordering and biexcitons2005

    • Author(s)
      S.Adachi
    • Journal Title

      Journal of Luminescence 112

      Pages: 34-39

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2006 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] Three-dimensional imaging of GaN films using transient two-photon absorption excited by near-infrared laser pulse2005

    • Author(s)
      Y.Abe, Y.Toda, K.Hoshino, Y.Arakawa
    • Journal Title

      Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 44

    • NAID

      10015726298

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2006 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] Polarization and wave-vector dependent measurements by four-wave mixing in ZnO : Valence-band ordering and biexcitons2005

    • Author(s)
      S.Adachi
    • Journal Title

      J. Luminescence 112

      Pages: 34-39

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2006 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] Optical diffraction spectroscopy of excitons in uniaxially-strained GaN films2005

    • Author(s)
      Y.Toda, S.Adachi, Y.Abe, K.Hoshino, Y.Arakawa
    • Journal Title

      Phys Rev.B 71

      Pages: 195315-195315

    • Related Report
      2005 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Three-dimensional imaging of GaN films using transient two-photon absorption excited by near-infrared laser pulses2005

    • Author(s)
      Y.Abe, Y.Toda, K.Hoshino, Y.Arakawa
    • Journal Title

      Jpn.J.Appl.Phys. 44

    • NAID

      10015726298

    • Related Report
      2005 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Spectrally-resolved nonlinear spectroscopy of in-plane anisotropy in uniaxially-strained GaN epilayers2005

    • Author(s)
      S.Adachi, Y.Toda
    • Journal Title

      Phys.Stat.Sol.(c) 2

      Pages: 3936-3940

    • Related Report
      2005 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Coherent Collective Oscillation in the Commensurate Phase of the Ta53 Compound2005

    • Author(s)
      T.Minami, Y.Toda, K.Shimatake, S.Tanda
    • Journal Title

      J.Phys.IV 131

      Pages: 121-121

    • Related Report
      2005 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Ultrafast optical study of the CDW phase transition in topological crystals2005

    • Author(s)
      K.Shimatake, Y.Toda, T.Minami, S.Tanda
    • Journal Title

      J.Phys.IV 131

      Pages: 295-295

    • Related Report
      2005 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Three-dimensional imaging of GaN films using transient two-photon absorption excited by near-infrared laser pulses2005

    • Author(s)
      Y.Abe, Y.Toda, K.Hoshino, Y.Arakawa
    • Journal Title

      Jpn.J.Appl.Phys. (in press)

    • NAID

      10015726298

    • Related Report
      2004 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Optical diffraction spectroscopy of excitons in uniaxially-strained GaN films2005

    • Author(s)
      Y.Toda, S.Adachi, Y.Abe, K.Hoshino, Y.Arakawa
    • Journal Title

      Phys Rev.B (in press)

    • Related Report
      2004 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Biexcitons and their dephasing processes in ZnO2005

    • Author(s)
      S.Adachi, K.Hazu, T.Sota, S.F.Chichibu, 他3名
    • Journal Title

      physica status solidi (c) 2

      Pages: 890-895

    • Related Report
      2004 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Polarization and wave-vector dependent measurements by four-wave mixing in ZnO : Valence-band ordering and biexcitons2005

    • Author(s)
      S.Adachi
    • Journal Title

      Journal of Luminescence (in press)

    • Related Report
      2004 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Measurements of exciton-polariton dynamics in ZnO by using nonlinear spectroscopic techniques2005

    • Author(s)
      K.Hazu, S.Adachi, T.Sota, S.F.Chichibu
    • Journal Title

      Journal of Luminescence (in press)

    • Related Report
      2004 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Optical properties of materials on nano-scale2004

    • Author(s)
      T.Saiki, Y.Toda
    • Journal Title

      Ohmsha Press ISBN4-274-19738-7

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2006 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] Anomalous coherent phonon oscillations in the commensurate phase of the quasi-two-dimensional 1T-TaS2 compound2004

    • Author(s)
      Y.Toda, K.Tateishi, S.Tanda
    • Journal Title

      Phys Rev.B 70

      Pages: 33106-33106

    • Related Report
      2004 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Selective excitation of self-assembled quantum dots by using shaped pulse2004

    • Author(s)
      Y.Toda, R.Morita, T.Nakaoka, 他3名
    • Journal Title

      Physica E 21

      Pages: 180-183

    • Related Report
      2004 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Coherent optical control of molecular motion using polarized sequential pulses2004

    • Author(s)
      K.Itoh, Y.Toda, R.Morita, M.Yamashita
    • Journal Title

      Jpn.J.Appl.Phys. 43

      Pages: 6448-6451

    • NAID

      10013574770

    • Related Report
      2004 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Biexciton formation and exciton-exciton correlation effects in bulk ZnO2004

    • Author(s)
      S.Adachi, K.Hazu, T.Sota, S.F.Chichibu, 他3名
    • Journal Title

      Semiconductor Science and Technology 19

    • Related Report
      2004 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Phonon scattering of excitons and biexcitons in ZnO2004

    • Author(s)
      K.Hazu, T.Sota, S.Adachi, S.F.Chichibu, 他3名
    • Journal Title

      Journal of Applied Physics 96

      Pages: 1270-1272

    • Related Report
      2004 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Impact of the k-linear term on nonlinear optical response of the C-exciton manifold in ZnO2004

    • Author(s)
      K.Hazu, K.Torii, T.Sota, S.Adachi, 他4名
    • Journal Title

      Journal of Applied Physics 95

      Pages: 5498-5501

    • Related Report
      2004 Annual Research Report
  • [Book] ナノオプティクス : ナノスケールの光物性2004

    • Author(s)
      斎木敏治, 戸田泰則
    • Total Pages
      214
    • Publisher
      ISBN4-274-19738-7 オーム社
    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2006 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Book] ナノオプティクス:ナノスケールの光物性2004

    • Author(s)
      斎木敏治, 戸田泰則
    • Total Pages
      214
    • Publisher
      ISBN4-274-19738-7 オーム社
    • Related Report
      2004 Annual Research Report
  • [Patent(Industrial Property Rights)] 位相干渉計測手法及び位相干渉計測装置2006

    • Inventor(s)
      戸田泰則, 足立智, 山口一春
    • Industrial Property Rights Holder
      北海道大学
    • Industrial Property Number
      2006-128277
    • Filing Date
      2006-05-02
    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2006 Annual Research Report 2006 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Patent(Industrial Property Rights)] 光計測評価方法及び光計測評価装置2005

    • Inventor(s)
      戸田泰則, 足立智
    • Industrial Property Rights Holder
      北海道大学
    • Filing Date
      2005-11-08
    • Related Report
      2005 Annual Research Report
  • [Patent(Industrial Property Rights)] 光計測評価方法及び光計測評価装置2004

    • Inventor(s)
      戸田泰則, 足立智
    • Industrial Property Rights Holder
      北海道大学
    • Industrial Property Number
      2004-331123
    • Filing Date
      2004-11-15
    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2006 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Patent(Industrial Property Rights)] 光計測評価方法及び光計測評価装置2004

    • Inventor(s)
      戸田 泰則, 足立 智
    • Industrial Property Rights Holder
      国立大学法人 北海道大学
    • Industrial Property Number
      2004-331123
    • Filing Date
      2004-11-15
    • Related Report
      2004 Annual Research Report

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Published: 2004-04-01   Modified: 2016-04-21  

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