| Project/Area Number |
16360346
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| Research Category |
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
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| Allocation Type | Single-year Grants |
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| Section | 一般 |
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| Research Field |
Structural/Functional materials
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| Research Institution | Kyoto University |
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Principal Investigator |
INUI Haruyuki Kyoto University, Graduate School of Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Professor, 工学研究科, 教授 (30213135)
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| Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) |
TANAKA Katsushi Kyoto University, Graduate School of Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Associate Professor, 工学研究科, 助教授 (30236575)
KISHIDA Kyosuke Kyoto University, Graduate School of Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Associate, 工学研究科, 助手 (20354178)
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| Project Period (FY) |
2004 – 2005
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| Project Status |
Completed (Fiscal Year 2005)
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| Budget Amount *help |
¥15,200,000 (Direct Cost: ¥15,200,000)
Fiscal Year 2005: ¥3,800,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,800,000)
Fiscal Year 2004: ¥11,400,000 (Direct Cost: ¥11,400,000)
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| Keywords | chirality / polarity / convergent-beam election diffraction / crystal structure factor / multiple scattering / Friedel's law / Bijvoet pair / organic crystal / 収束電子回析 |
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| Research Abstract |
Enantiomorphism is usually referred to and used to describe objects that are lacking of improper rotation(rotoinversion and rotoreflections). Because of the absence of a center of symmetry (1^^-), a mirror plane (m=2^^-) and a 4^^-axis, such enantiomorphic (chiral) crystals or molecules can occur in two different forms that are related as a right hand and a left hand and these enantiomorphically-related crystals belong to either of the 11 crystal classes (point groups). These crystals are mirror related and are not superimposable with each other and one of the two enantiomorphic crystals exhibit optical bioactivities different from the other in most cases Therefore, distinction of chirality of enantiomorphic crystals is sometimes very important, as the well-known example of Thalidmide accident, which occurred as a tragedy due to the harmful side effect of one of the two members of the enantiomorphic crystals, has indicated. We have developed a new CBED method for identification of chirality and polarity of enantiomorphic crystals, in which asymmetry in the intensity of reflections of Bijvoet pairs in an experimental symmetrical zone-axis CBED pattern is compared with that of an computer simulated CBED pattern. The intensity difference for reflections of these Bijvoet pairs results from multiple scattering (dynamical nature of electron diffraction) among relevant Bijvoet pairs of reflections, each pair of which have identical amplitude and different phase angles. Therefore, the crystal thickness where chiral identification is made with the present method is limited by the extinction distance of Bijvoet pairs of reflections relevant to multiple scattering to produce the intensity asymmetry, which is usually of the order of a few tens nm. With the present method, only a single CBED pattern is sufficient and chiral identification can be made for all possible enantiomorphic crystals that are allowed to exist in crystallography.
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