| Project/Area Number |
16370108
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| Research Category |
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
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| Allocation Type | Single-year Grants |
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| Section | 一般 |
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| Research Field |
生理人類学
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| Research Institution | Shibaura Institute of Technology |
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Principal Investigator |
ANNO Sumiko Shibaura Institute of Technology, Department of Engineering, A-full time lecturer, 工学部, 講師 (10333527)
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| Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) |
OKI Kazuo The University of Tokyo, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, A-full time lecturer, 農学生命科学研究科, 講師 (50292628)
OGATA Koretsugu Shimadzu Corporation, Shimadzu Biotech, Chief, 分析計測事業部, 主任 (80395631)
ABE Takashi National Institute of Genetics, The laboratory for Research & Development of Biological Databases, Assistant professor, 生命情報・DDBJ研究センター, 助手 (30390628)
山本 卓志 (株)島津製作所, 分析計測事業部, 副主任
北川 博之 筑波大学, 電子・情報工学系, 教授 (00204876)
森嶋 厚行 筑波大学, 図書館情報学系, 助教授 (70338309)
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| Project Period (FY) |
2004 – 2006
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| Project Status |
Completed (Fiscal Year 2006)
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| Budget Amount *help |
¥14,700,000 (Direct Cost: ¥14,700,000)
Fiscal Year 2006: ¥3,000,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,000,000)
Fiscal Year 2005: ¥5,700,000 (Direct Cost: ¥5,700,000)
Fiscal Year 2004: ¥6,000,000 (Direct Cost: ¥6,000,000)
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| Keywords | Environmental Adaptability / Physiological Anthropology / SNP / Remote Sensing / 一塩基多型 / ポリジーン / 大気リモートセンシング |
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| Research Abstract |
The study aims to clarify molecular basis of human skin color diversity and investigate environmental adaptability to ultraviolet irradiation in order to predict human health risk influenced by severe environments in the future.
Two approaches to this research are considered as the research method. The one is to identify and measure physical/chemical factors of atmospheric environment (i.e., an ultraviolet ray and infrared rays like the solar radiation energy), which affects men with the technologies of remote sensing (RS). The other is to clarify the process of men's morphological/functional diversity appearance through a reaction, adaptation, etc. to the environment by the combination of those factors or one factor at a molecule, a gene, a cell, and an individual level.
One hundred and twenty-two Caucasians living in Toledo, Ohio participated in this study. Their back and cheek were measured for melanin value for skin pigmentation index as a quantitative trait. Their buccal cells as sa
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mples were collected and used for DNA extraction. DNA was used for SNP genotyping with the technology of Masscode^<TM> system that involves the two-step PCR amplification and comprises a platform chemistry of cleavable mass spectrometry tags.
Genotype and allele frequencies for 20 SNPs in 122 Caucasians were calculated with the data obtained from the SNP genotyping. To examine the contribution of non-random associations of SNP alleles at multiple loci (not necessarily on the same chromosome) to skin color variation (ie, low/high melanin content), linkage disequilibrium (LD) coefficients (D) were calculated between 20 SNPs. Linkage disequilibrium was analyzed by application of a _X^2 test ; statistical significance was set at 0.05. Combinations of SNP alleles at multiple loci under LD were jointly tested for association with low/high melanin by performing a x2 test of independence. Only data under the assumption of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were used in the analysis.
Our results show that SNP alleles at multiple loci associated with low and high melanin are not independent and indicate a high possibility of LD structure--despite the fact that the alleles are not on the same chromosome. Similar investigations must be performed with samples from non-Caucasians in order to confirm the association of LD with melanin content.
Our overarching goal is to use remote sensing data to clarify interactions between atmospheric environments and SNP allele frequency and to investigate environmental adaptability to UV irradiation. The resulting data would help in predicting the impact of environmental changes such high UV exposure secondary to ozone depletion on health risk. Less
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