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Research on the Reconstruction of Glazes and Firing Techniques of "Big Celadon Platters" Produced at the Longquan Kilns During the 13th and 14th Centuries

Research Project

Project/Area Number 16401002
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

Allocation TypeSingle-year Grants
Section海外学術
Research Field Aesthetics/Art history
Research InstitutionTokyo National University of Fine Arts and Music

Principal Investigator

SHIMADA Fumio  Tokyo National University of Fine Arts and Music, Faculty of Fine Arts, Professor, 美術学部, 教授 (90187435)

Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) TOYOFUKU Makoto  Tokyo National University of Fine Arts and Music, Faculty of Fine Arts, Associate Professor, 美術学部, 助教授 (30227665)
Project Period (FY) 2004 – 2006
Project Status Completed (Fiscal Year 2006)
Budget Amount *help
¥10,800,000 (Direct Cost: ¥10,800,000)
Fiscal Year 2006: ¥3,600,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,600,000)
Fiscal Year 2005: ¥1,800,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,800,000)
Fiscal Year 2004: ¥5,400,000 (Direct Cost: ¥5,400,000)
KeywordsCeramic Techniques / Longquan Ware Celadon / Porcelain (China) Clay / Song Dynasty Celadon / Chemical Analysis of Celadon / "Zijintu" Purple Red Clay / Dragon Kiln / Refractory Clay / 磁石 / 陶磁器 / 制作技法 / 龍泉窯 / 復元的焼成 / 梅子青青磁 / 粉青青磁 / X線回析 / 化学分析 / 青磁大皿 / 復元 / 窯道具 / 梅子青 / 大窯
Research Abstract

During the first year research was carried out on different areas : field research at the Longquan Kiln sites, study of clay bodies, chemical analysis of celadon glazes and its components. In addition, study of pieces dating from the Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties from the National Palace Museum's collection in China, and the Idemitsu Museum of Arts in Japan was carried out. Research on the shapes of big celadon platters, their size and firing techniques took place. In addition, reproductions of designs and patterns on those pieces were completed.
The second year, the research centered on the reconstruction of big platters and glaze tests. Clay bodies and celadon glazes were prepared and tested, based on the results of those studies. Firings aimed at restoring such pieces were carried out with clay bodies and celadon glazes used nowadays at the Longquan kilns. In Japan, clays and glazes were prepared with Japanese raw materials. The glazes achieved were applied on actual pieces and fired … More .
During the last year, actual reconstructions of big celadon platters (Song and Yuan Dynasties) from the collection of the National Palace Museum in China and the Idemitsu Museum of Art in Japan were accomplished. The firings took place at the Tokyo National University of Fine Arts and Music, were two hundred and fifty celadon glaze compounds were tested.
Results of the research:
At the Longquan Kiln sites a total of four big platters: " Longquan Platter with Incised Flower Design" from the Song Dynasty and "Longquan Platter with Fishes in Red Clay Relief' from the Yuan Dynasty. In addition, twenty celadon incense burners were also fired.
At the Tokyo National University of Fine Arts and Music: "Celadon Bowl with Incised Design of Flowers and Fish in Biscuit Relief', "Celadon Dish with Incised Design of Auspicious Fruits" among others. In all, twenty reconstructions of different pieces were achieved. The total outcome of the research consists of forty fired reconstructions and two hundred and fifty different glaze tests, out of which three representative celadon glazes were accomplished.
According to the field research carried out at the Longquan sites in China, refractory clays used to build dragon kilns, saggers, kiln supports and kiln furniture in general were the most important material at the time. It was proved that in surrounding areas of the Longquan kilns there were five important sites, where refractory clays could be extracted. Firing of big platters during the Yuan Dynasty was possible thanks to the kiln furniture made from those materials, which lead to their worldwide diffusion.
The porcelain clays from the Longquan region can be divided into Primary and Secondary China Clays. The clay is so soft that in a dry state can be crushed to powder by hand and it is well suited for carving. The main components of this porcelain clay are silica, Kaolin and mica among others. Both, clay bodies and glazes, contained a purple clay named "Zijintu" which influenced widely the outcome of celadon colors and firings.
The raw materials were mixed after being fired at a temperature of about a 1000 C, which helped to prevent the peeling off of glazes due to the application of thick layers. The fact that this was a very effective technique that made mass production possible can be taken as new information achieved through this research. Less

Report

(4 results)
  • 2006 Annual Research Report   Final Research Report Summary
  • 2005 Annual Research Report
  • 2004 Annual Research Report
  • Research Products

    (10 results)

All 2007 2006 2005

All Journal Article (10 results)

  • [Journal Article] 浙江省、龍泉窯研究調査<平成16年度報告>2007

    • Author(s)
      研究代表者 島田文雄
    • Journal Title

      13世紀~14世紀の龍泉窯陶磁技法"青磁大皿"の復元的焼成研究平成16年度~平成18年度 研究成果報告 1号

      Pages: 23-24

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2006 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] 故宮博物院宋代『龍泉刻花皿』元代『瀧泉癪赭石回魚皿』復元制作記録2007

    • Author(s)
      研究代表者 島田文雄
    • Journal Title

      13世紀~14世紀の龍泉窯陶磁技法"青磁大皿"の復元的焼成研究平成16年度~平成18年度 研究成果報告 1号

      Pages: 101-114

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2006 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] Zhe Jiang sheng Province, Research on Longquan Kilns (2006 Report)2007

    • Author(s)
      Fumio Shimada
    • Journal Title

      2004-2006 Report on the "Research on the Reconstruction of Glazes and Firing Techniques of "Big Celadon Platters" Produced at the Longquan Kilns During the 13^<th> and 14^<th> Centuries" Number 1

      Pages: 23-24

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2006 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] Records of the Reconstruction of both, "Longquan Platter with Incised Flower Design", Song Dynasty and "Longquan Platter with Fish in Red Clay Relief', Yuan Dynasty, from the collection of the National Palace Museum in China2007

    • Author(s)
      Fumio Shimada
    • Journal Title

      2004-2006 Report on the "Research on the Reconstruction of Glazes and Firing Techniques of "Big Celadon Platters" Produced at the Longquan Kilns During the 13^<th> and 14^<th> Centuries" Number 1

      Pages: 101-114

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2006 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] 浅説越窯青磁対日本及韓国的影響2006

    • Author(s)
      島田 文雄
    • Journal Title

      上林湖越窯青磁文化国際討論会

      Pages: 1-5

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2006 Annual Research Report 2006 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] Role of Yuezhou Kiln Celadon Porcelain in Japan and Korea2006

    • Author(s)
      島田文雄
    • Journal Title

      ISCAEE 2006中国清華大学 国際陶芸教育交流年会論文集 1巻

      Pages: 236-239

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2006 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] Influence of Yuezhou Kiln Celadon on Japanese and Korean Ceramics2006

    • Author(s)
      Fumio Shimada
    • Journal Title

      Shan g Lin Hu International Symposium on Yuezhou Kiln Celadon Culture, Single edition

      Pages: 1-5

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2006 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] Role of Yuezhou Kiln Celadon Porcelain in Japan and Korea2006

    • Author(s)
      Fumio Shimada
    • Journal Title

      ISCAEE 2006 Tsinghua University - Catalogue of papers from the annual symposium of the International Society for Ceramic Art Education and Exchange Number 1

      Pages: 236-239

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2006 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] Role of Yuezhou Kiln Celadon Porcelain in Japan and Korea2006

    • Author(s)
      島田 文雄
    • Journal Title

      ISCAEE 2006 中国精華大学 国際陶芸教育交流年会論文集 1巻

      Pages: 236-239

    • Related Report
      2006 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] 13世紀〜14世紀の龍泉窯陶磁技法"青磁大皿"の復元的焼成研究-12005

    • Author(s)
      島田文雄他, 8名
    • Journal Title

      東京藝術大学美術学部紀要 41

      Pages: 50-50

    • Related Report
      2004 Annual Research Report

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Published: 2004-04-01   Modified: 2016-04-21  

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