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A Study on Sustainable Tourism Development in Chinese Historic Towns and Villages

Research Project

Project/Area Number 16402033
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

Allocation TypeSingle-year Grants
Section海外学術
Research Field Sociology
Research InstitutionKyoto Saga University of Arts

Principal Investigator

YAMAMURA Takayoshi  Kyoto Saga University of Arts, Department of Tourism Design, Associate Professor, 芸術学部, 助教授 (60351376)

Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) FUJIKI Yosuke  Kyoto Saga University of Arts, Department of Tourism Design, Lecturer, 芸術学部, 専任講師 (70314557)
HIRATA Takayuki  Wakayama University, Faculty of System Engineering, assistant, システム工学部, 助手 (60362860)
山口 しのぶ  東京工業大学, 学術国際情報センター, 助教授 (40345369)
Project Period (FY) 2004 – 2006
Project Status Completed (Fiscal Year 2006)
Budget Amount *help
¥11,200,000 (Direct Cost: ¥11,200,000)
Fiscal Year 2006: ¥2,200,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,200,000)
Fiscal Year 2005: ¥4,100,000 (Direct Cost: ¥4,100,000)
Fiscal Year 2004: ¥4,900,000 (Direct Cost: ¥4,900,000)
KeywordsChina / Yunnan / Lijiang / World Heritage / tourism / historical building / indigenous inhabitant / the Naxis
Research Abstract

This study attempted to clarify the issues facing the tourist industry at the Old Town of Lijiang, Yunnan Province, China, a World Heritage Site. The ways in which both the existing indigenous society (a minority known as the Naxis) and the majority peoples, temporary residents, engage in commercial tourism-related activities were examined. As a result, it was found that, in recent years, the usage of historic buildings has drastically changed. At present, over 90% of shops are tourist-oriented souvenir shops and restaurants. Furthermore, over 50% of shopkeepers are temporary residents, mainly Han Chinese, with a large majority renting rooms from indigenous owners. These findings suggest that the location of the residences of the indigenous minority and its culture are rapidly changing as tourism develops.
The authors categorize the development approach of cultural heritage tourism into two patterns. One is the "outside-in" approach, which means to dominantly satisfy the tourists' needs while sacrificing the local cultural character. The other approach is the "inside-out" approach, which means that the local community follows its own growth principle, and tourists come in mostly to enjoy and to learn from the local wisdom. We examine the two approaches by taking the current status of protected buildings in Lijiang city as a case study. In this famous Chinese world heritage city, some 140 important vernacular buildings face serious pressure of tourism oriented transformation both in form and in usage. We investigate the buildings and find they have changed their usage dramatically, accompanied with relevant changes in form, layout, and decoration styles. We further review the policy system and find that these changes in vernacular buildings are due to lack of proper standing in conservation policy system, lack of sufficient financial aid, and lack of full technical support.

Report

(4 results)
  • 2006 Annual Research Report   Final Research Report Summary
  • 2005 Annual Research Report
  • 2004 Annual Research Report
  • Research Products

    (44 results)

All 2007 2006 2005 2004

All Journal Article (42 results) Book (2 results)

  • [Journal Article] 伝統的なデザインモチーフや工芸技術を応用した土産物開発に関する-考察~麗江旧市街地における染織・皮革工芸品の収集~2007

    • Author(s)
      北川恵美
    • Journal Title

      京都嵯峨芸術大学紀要 第32号

      Pages: 33-39

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2006 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] 雲南省麗江古城保護条例の整備経緯とその内容~世界遺産都市の保護制度に関する調査~2007

    • Author(s)
      山村高淑
    • Journal Title

      京都嵯峨芸術大学紀要 第32号

      Pages: 26-32

    • NAID

      120001492958

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2006 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] 世界遺産都市における伝統的建築物の実態中国雲南省麗江市古城区における伝統的建築物の実測調査報告2007

    • Author(s)
      藤木庸介
    • Journal Title

      京都嵯峨芸術大学紀要 第32号

      Pages: 40-46

    • NAID

      40015401050

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2006 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] A Study on the Method for Extraction of Tourism-Impact on a Historical Townscape : A Case of the Old Town of Lijiang, Yunnan Province, China.2007

    • Author(s)
      Fujiki, Y.
    • Journal Title

      Safeguard Cultural Heritage : Understanding & Viability for the Enlarged Europe. Praha : ITAM (Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic). (Drdacky, M.F., Chapuis, M. (eds.), Yamamura, T. et al. (Co-eds.))

      Pages: 335-344

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2006 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] A Study of the Development of Souvenirs that Utilize Traditional Motifs and Arts and Crafts Techniques : Collecting Dyed Textiles and Leather Products from the Old Town of Lijiang, China.2007

    • Author(s)
      Kitagawa, Emi, Yamamura, Takayoshi
    • Journal Title

      Bulletin of Kyoto Saga University of Arts 32

      Pages: 33-39

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2006 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] Development Process of "Lijinag Old Town Conservation Ordinance" of Yunnan Province, China, and its details : A Survey of Systems of Conservation for World Heritage Cities.2007

    • Author(s)
      Yamamura, Takayoshi Fujiki, Yosuke Zhang, Tianxin.
    • Journal Title

      Bulletin of Kyoto Saga University of Arts 32

      Pages: 26-32

    • NAID

      120001492958

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2006 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] Actual Conditions of the Traditional Architecture on the World Heritage Cities : An Actual Measurement of the Traditional Architecture on the Old Town of Lijiang,2007

    • Author(s)
      Yosuke, Fujiki Yamamura, Takayoshi Kashihara, Homare.
    • Journal Title

      Bulletin of Kyoto Saga University of Arts 32

      Pages: 40-46

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2006 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] A Study on the Method for Extraction of Tourism-Impact on a Historical Townscape : A Case of the Old Town of Lijiang, Yunnan Province, China.2007

    • Author(s)
      Fujiki, Yosuke.
    • Journal Title

      Safeguard Cultural Heritage : Understanding & Viability for the Enlarged Europe. (Drdacky, M.F., Chapuis, M. (eds.), Yamamura, T. et al. (Co-eds.)) (Praha : ITAM (Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic)

      Pages: 335-344

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2006 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] 開発途上国における地域開発問題としての文化観光開発 : 文化遺産と観光開発をめぐる議論の流れと近年の動向2006

    • Author(s)
      山村高淑
    • Journal Title

      文化遺産マネジメントとツーリズムの持続的関係構築に関する研究(国立民族学博物館調査報告)(西山徳明編) 61

      Pages: 11-54

    • NAID

      120001578867

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2006 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] 麗江旧市街地の保全に関する社会文化的課題の考察~観光地化が世界遺産都市の空間および社会に与える影響の多角的分析・その12006

    • Author(s)
      山村高淑
    • Journal Title

      京都嵯峨芸術大学紀要 第31号

      Pages: 1-8

    • NAID

      120001400755

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2006 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] 麗江旧市街地における伝統的建築物の現状と保全に関する考察~観光地化が世界遺産都市の空間および社会に与える影響の多角的分析・その22006

    • Author(s)
      藤木庸介
    • Journal Title

      京都嵯峨芸術大学紀要 第31号

      Pages: 9-20

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2006 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] 民族衣装の新潮流 : 近・現代における中国雲南省麗江ナシ族女性の民族衣装デザインの変遷に関する基礎資料の収集2006

    • Author(s)
      北川恵美
    • Journal Title

      京都嵯峨芸術大学紀要 第31号

      Pages: 70-77

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2006 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] 入選世界遺産後麗江古城社会文化面貌的演変 : 対地区旅游化和零售業的分析2006

    • Author(s)
      山村高淑
    • Journal Title

      活着的茶馬古道重鎮麗江大研古城~茶馬古道與麗江古城歴史文化論文集(木仕華主編)(北京 : 民族出版社)(中国社会科学院民族学與人類学研究所)

      Pages: 216-227

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2006 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] 麗江古城的日常生活空間結構解析2006

    • Author(s)
      張天新
    • Journal Title

      活着的茶馬古道重鎮麗江大研古城~茶馬古道與麗江古城歴史文化論文集(木仕華主編)(北京 : 民族出版社)(中国社会科学院民族学與人類学研究所)

      Pages: 141-148

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2006 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] The Social and Cultural Impact of Tourism Development on World Heritage Sites : A Case of the Old Town of Lijiang, China, 2000-2004.2006

    • Author(s)
      Yamamura, T.
    • Journal Title

      Sustainable Tourism II (Transaction : Ecology and the Environment volume 97) (BREBBIA, C.A., Wessex Institute of Technology, UK and F.D. PINEDA, Complutense University, Spain (eds.)) (Southampton : WIT Press.)

      Pages: 117-126

    • NAID

      120006660376

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2006 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] Can vernacular buildings survive with traditional life inside and tourism outside?2006

    • Author(s)
      Zhang, T.
    • Journal Title

      Sustainable Tourism II (Transaction : Ecology and the Environment volume 97) (BREBBIA, C.A., Wessex Institute of Technology, UK and F.D. PINEDA, Complutense University, Spain (eds.))(Southampton : WIT Press.)

      Pages: 171-180

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2006 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] Cultural Tourism Development as a Regional Development Issue in Developing Countries : The Latest Trend of Issues and Studies concerning the Relationship between Cultural Heritage and Tourism Development2006

    • Author(s)
      Yamamura, Takayoshi.
    • Journal Title

      Senri Ethnological Reports 61

      Pages: 11-54

    • NAID

      120001578867

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2006 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] Sociocultural Study on the Issues Concerning Conservation of the Old Town of Lijiang : Multidirectional Analysis of Spatial and Social Impact of Tourism on the World Heritage City, Lijiang, China, Part.12006

    • Author(s)
      Yamamura, Tkayoshi Zhang, Tianxin Fujiki, Yosuke.
    • Journal Title

      Bulletin of Kyoto Saga University of Arts 31

      Pages: 1-8

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2006 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] A Study of the Issues Related to Present Condition and Preservation of Traditional Architecture in the Old Town of Lijiang : A Multi-directional Analysis of the Spatial and Social Impact of the Tourism on the World Heritage City of Lijiang, China, Part. 2.2006

    • Author(s)
      Fujiki, Yosuke Yamamura, Takayoshi Hirata, Takayuki Zhang, Tianxin.
    • Journal Title

      Bulletin of Kyoto Saga University of Arts 31

      Pages: 9-20

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2006 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] New Trends in Ethnic Costume : Case of the Naxi, an Indigenous Ethnic Minority Group Living in Lijiang, China.2006

    • Author(s)
      Kitagawa, Emi Yamamura, Takayoshi.
    • Journal Title

      Bulletin of Kyoto Saga University of Arts 31

      Pages: 70-77

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2006 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] The Process of Social Transformation Associated with Tourism Development in the World-Heritage City, Lijiang, China : Tourism and Retailing.2006

    • Author(s)
      Yamamura, Takayoshi.
    • Journal Title

      Lijiang Dayan Old Town : A Living Historic Town on Ancient Tea-Horse Trails. (Mu, Shihua (ed.))

      Pages: 216-227

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2006 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] An Analysis of the Living Space in the Old Town of Lijiang. Yamamura, Takayoshi2006

    • Author(s)
      Zhang, Tianxin.
    • Journal Title

      Lijiang Dayan Old Town : A Living Historic Town on Ancient Tea-Horse Trails. (Mu, Shihua (ed.) )

      Pages: 141-148

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2006 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] The Social and Cultural Impact of Tourism Development on World Heritage Sites : A Case of the Old Town of Lijiang, China, 2000-2004.2006

    • Author(s)
      Yamamura, Takayoshi, Zhang, Tianxin, Fujiki, Yosuke.
    • Journal Title

      Sustainable Tourism II (Transaction : Ecology and the Environment volume 97). (BREBBIA, C.A., Wessex Institute of Technology, UK and F.D. PINEDA, Complutense University, Spain (eds.) ) (Southampton : WIT Press.)

      Pages: 117-126

    • NAID

      120006660376

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2006 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] Can vernacular buildings survive with traditional life inside and tourism outside?2006

    • Author(s)
      Zhang, Tianxin Yamamura, Takayoshi. Fujiki, Yosuke.
    • Journal Title

      BREBBIA, C.A., Wessex Institute of Technology, UK and F.D. PINEDA, Complutense University, Spain (eds.) Sustainable Tourism II (Transaction : Ecology and the Environment volume 97)

      Pages: 171-180

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2006 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] The Social and Cultural Impact of Tourism Development on World Heritage Sites : A Case of the Old Town of Lijiang,China,2000-2004.2006

    • Author(s)
      Yamamura, Takayoshi, T.Zhang, Y.Fujiki
    • Journal Title

      Sustainable Tourism II(Transaction : Ecology and the Environment volume 97) volume 97

      Pages: 117-126

    • NAID

      120006660376

    • Related Report
      2006 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Can vernacular buildings survive with traditional life inside and tourism outside?2006

    • Author(s)
      Zhang, Tianxin, T.Yamamura, Y.Fujiki
    • Journal Title

      Sustainable Tourism II(Transaction : Ecology and the Environment volume 97) volume 97

      Pages: 171-180

    • Related Report
      2006 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] 入選世界遺産後麗江古城社会文化面貌的演変 : 対地区旅遊化和零售業的分析2006

    • Author(s)
      山村高淑
    • Journal Title

      活着的茶馬古道重鎮麗江大研古城〜茶馬古道興麗江古城歴史文化論文集

      Pages: 216-227

    • Related Report
      2006 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] 麗江古城的日常生活空間結構解析2006

    • Author(s)
      張天新, 山村高淑
    • Journal Title

      活着的茶馬古道重鎮麗江大研古城〜茶馬古道興麗江古城歴史文化論文集

      Pages: 141-148

    • Related Report
      2006 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] 麗江旧市街地における伝統的建築物の様相や住まい方の変容その32006

    • Author(s)
      山口喜大, 柏原誉, 北山めぐみ, 藤木庸介, 山村高淑, 張天新
    • Journal Title

      日本建築学会大会学術講演梗概集(2006年度大会)F-1

      Pages: 895-896

    • Related Report
      2006 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] 麗江旧市街地の歴史的街並みを特徴付けている建築的様相の考察2006

    • Author(s)
      藤木庸介, 北山めぐみ, 柏原誉, 山口喜大, 山村高淑, 張天新
    • Journal Title

      日本建築学会大会学術講演梗概集(2006年度大会)F-1

      Pages: 899-900

    • Related Report
      2006 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] 民族衣装の新潮流〜近・現代における中国雲南省麗江ナシ族女性の民族衣装デザインの変遷に関する基礎資料の収集2006

    • Author(s)
      北川恵美, 山村高淑
    • Journal Title

      京都嵯峨芸術大学紀要 第31号

      Pages: 70-77

    • NAID

      40007363433

    • Related Report
      2005 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Dongba Art in Lijiang, China : Indigenous Culture, Local Community and Tourism.2005

    • Author(s)
      Yamamura, T.
    • Journal Title

      Indigenous Tourism : The Commodification and Management of Culture. Oxford : Elsevier Science Ltd. (Ryan, Chris and Michelle Aicken (eds.))

      Pages: 181-199

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2006 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] Green Hope Project : An Experience of Forest Management Based on the Partnership between Government, Local Community, and Tourists.2005

    • Author(s)
      Yamamura, T.
    • Journal Title

      TOURISM CULTURE and COMMUNICATION. Vol. 5

      Pages: 177-186

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2006 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] Dongba Art in Lijiang, China : Indigenous Culture, Local Community and Tourism.2005

    • Author(s)
      Yamamura, Takayoshi.
    • Journal Title

      Indigenous Tourism : The Commodification and Management of Culture (Chris Ryan and Michelle Aicken (eds.) )(Oxford: Elsevier Science Ltd. (ISBN: 0080446205))

      Pages: 181-199

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2006 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] Green Hope Project : An Experience of Forest Management Based on the Partnership between Government, Local Community, and Tourists2005

    • Author(s)
      Yamamura, Takayoshi Zhang, Tianxin He, Aijun.
    • Journal Title

      TOURISM CULTURE and COMMUNICATION Vol.5

      Pages: 177-186

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2006 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] Green Hope Project : An Experience of Forest Management Based on the Partnership between Government, Local Community, and Tourists.2005

    • Author(s)
      Takayoshi Yamamura, Tianxin Zhang, Aijun He
    • Journal Title

      TOURISM CULTURE & COMMUNICATION Vol.5

      Pages: 177-186

    • Related Report
      2005 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] 麗江旧市街地中心部における建築用途と地域社会の変容2005

    • Author(s)
      山村高淑, 張天新, 藤木庸介ほか
    • Journal Title

      日本建築学会大会学術講演梗概集(2005年度大会) F-1

      Pages: 587-588

    • Related Report
      2005 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] 麗江旧市街地中心部における保護民居の実態とその保全上の課題について2005

    • Author(s)
      張天新, 山村高淑, 藤木庸介ほか
    • Journal Title

      日本建築学会大会学術講演梗概集(2005年度大会) F-1

      Pages: 589-590

    • Related Report
      2005 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] 麗江旧市街地の住居類型と観光地化による住まい方の変容2005

    • Author(s)
      平田隆行, 藤木庸介, 山村高淑ほか
    • Journal Title

      日本建築学会大会学術講演梗概集(2005年度大会) F-1

      Pages: 591-592

    • Related Report
      2005 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] 麗江旧市街地の伝統的建築物の変容に関する考察2005

    • Author(s)
      藤木庸介, 山村高淑, 張天新ほか
    • Journal Title

      日本建築学会大会学術講演梗概集(2005年度大会) F-1

      Pages: 601-602

    • Related Report
      2005 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Authenticity, ethnicity and social transformation at World Heritage Sites : tourism, retailing and cultural change in Lijiang, China.2004

    • Author(s)
      Yamamura, T.
    • Journal Title

      Tourism and Transition : Political, Economic and Social Issues. London : CAB International. (Hall, Derek R. (ed.))

      Pages: 185-200

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2006 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] Authenticity, ethnicity and social transformation at World Heritage Sites : tourism, retailing and cultural change in Lijiang, China.2004

    • Author(s)
      Yamamura, Takayoshi.
    • Journal Title

      Tourism and Transition : Political, Economic and Social Issues (Hall, Derek R. (ed.) )(London: CAB International. ( ISBN: 0851997481))

      Pages: 185-200

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2006 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Book] Indigenous Tourism : The Commodification and Management of Culture2005

    • Author(s)
      YAMAMURA, Takayoshi et al.
    • Total Pages
      319
    • Publisher
      Chris Ryan & Michelle Aicken(eds.),Oxford:Elsevier Science Ltd.
    • Related Report
      2005 Annual Research Report
  • [Book] Tourism and Transition : Political, Economic and Social Issues (Derek R, Hall (ed.))2004

    • Author(s)
      TAMAMURA, Takayoshi et al.
    • Total Pages
      232
    • Publisher
      CAB International, London
    • Related Report
      2004 Annual Research Report

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Published: 2004-04-01   Modified: 2016-04-21  

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