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Development and evolution of implicit understanding of others: Evolutionary and developmental study of implicit theory of mind.

Research Project

Project/Area Number 16500161
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)

Allocation TypeSingle-year Grants
Section一般
Research Field Cognitive science
Research InstitutionKyoto University

Principal Investigator

ITAKURA Shoji  Kyoto University, Graduate School of Letters, Associate Professor (50211735)

Project Period (FY) 2004 – 2007
Project Status Completed (Fiscal Year 2007)
Budget Amount *help
¥3,610,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,400,000、Indirect Cost: ¥210,000)
Fiscal Year 2007: ¥910,000 (Direct Cost: ¥700,000、Indirect Cost: ¥210,000)
Fiscal Year 2006: ¥800,000 (Direct Cost: ¥800,000)
Fiscal Year 2005: ¥800,000 (Direct Cost: ¥800,000)
Fiscal Year 2004: ¥1,100,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,100,000)
KeywordsDevelopment / Evolution / Implicit theory of mind / Explicit theory of mind / False belief task / Social contingency / Inhibitory control / 乳児 / DVパラダイム / 社会性 / 分配 / 公平感 / 注視時間 / 期待違反 / ウイリアムズ症候群 / 心の理論 / コミュニケーション / アンドロイド / ロボット / 視線 / 社会的信号理論 / 心的状態 / 文化比較
Research Abstract

In this project, I focused the evolution and development of implicit theory of mind rather than explicit theory of mind, in which the main task of explicit theory of mind is 'False Belief Task.' These implicit theory of mind and explicit theory of mind correspond to recent concept, dual process of social cognition. Gaze following, perception of biological motion, and face perception are categorized into implicit of theory of mind, and False Belief Task is categorized into explicit theory of mind. Formers are implicit process and the latter is higher order process. In here, I will summarize the outcome of the studies for 4 years below.
1) Human infants are highly sensitive to others' responses since very early period. This specific sensitivity makes them to communicate with their caregivers, such as turn taking. An appropriate response to infants are called "social contingency." In the previous study, infants show this kind of sensitivity from 4-month-olds. We demonstrated that even one- … More month-old infants have such sensitivity by employing double video paradigm, in where infant and mother communicate through the TV monitor.
2) Eye gaze is extraordinary important in our communication. Eye movement has been thought that it reflect the process of our thinking behavior, such as Lateral Eye Movement (LEM). In the current study, we recorded the direction of eye movement during face to face situation with social partner. Social partner (experimenter) gave two kinds of questions, such as knowledge questions and think questions. Knowledge question is to ask what the subject has already as a kind of knowledge. For example, "How old are you?" Think question is to ask what he/she has to think to answer. For example, "How far does the car which can move 60Km per hour go?" We found that the subject eyes moved down when he/she was given the think questions. This result was different from that of North American people. We concluded that this eye movement has function of social signal. We also employed and conducted same experiment, and we obtained similar results.
3) Human children developed their ability of inhibitory control during preschool hood. We tested the chimpanzee whether they can control according to the new rule in DCCS task, and are compared to the results of 5-year-old children. The chimpanzees' performance is just like 3-year-old children. Their ability of inhibitory control is constraint in some level. Less

Report

(5 results)
  • 2007 Annual Research Report   Final Research Report Summary
  • 2006 Annual Research Report
  • 2005 Annual Research Report
  • 2004 Annual Research Report
  • Research Products

    (33 results)

All 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 Other

All Journal Article (28 results) (of which Peer Reviewed: 3 results) Presentation (1 results) Book (4 results)

  • [Journal Article] How to build an intentional android : infants' imitation of a robot's goal-directed actions.2008

    • Author(s)
      Itakur, S., et al.
    • Journal Title

      Infancy 13

      Pages: 519-532

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2007 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] Young children's yes bias ; How does it relate to verbal ability, inhibitory control and theory of mind?2008

    • Author(s)
      Moriguchi, Y., Okanda. M., Itakura, S.
    • Journal Title

      First Language 28

      Pages: 431-442

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2007 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] An integrated view of empathy : Psychology, philosophy, and neuroscience.2008

    • Author(s)
      Nakao, H., Itakura, S.
    • Journal Title

      Integrative Psychological & Behavioral Science. 10

      Pages: 1007-1012

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2007 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] How to build an intentional android: infants' imitation of a robot' s goal-directed actions.2008

    • Author(s)
      Itakura, S., et. al.
    • Journal Title

      Infancy (in press)

    • Related Report
      2007 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] One-month-old infants' sensitivity to socialcontingency from mothers and strangers: A pilot study.2008

    • Author(s)
      Okanda, M. & Itakura, S.
    • Journal Title

      Psychological Report 102

      Pages: 293-298

    • Related Report
      2007 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] The Role of the Right Prefrontal Cortex in Self-Evaluation of the Face: A Functional Magnetic Resonance2008

    • Author(s)
      Morita, T., et. al.
    • Journal Title

      Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 20

      Pages: 342-355

    • Related Report
      2007 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Cultural display rules drive eye gaze during thinking.2006

    • Author(s)
      MacCarthy, A., Lee, K., Itakura, S., Muir, D.
    • Journal Title

      Journal of Cross Cultural Psychology 37

      Pages: 717-722

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2007 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] Developmental cyberneticsの構築へ向けて2006

    • Author(s)
      板倉昭二
    • Journal Title

      ベビーサイエンス 6

      Pages: 141-141

    • Related Report
      2006 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Cultural display rules drive eye gaze during thinking2006

    • Author(s)
      MacCarthy, A., Lee, K., Itakura, S., Muir, D.
    • Journal Title

      Journal of Cross Cultural Psychology 37

      Pages: 717-722

    • Related Report
      2006 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Evaluating human likeness of an android by comparing gaze behaviors elicited2006

    • Author(s)
      Minato, T., Shimada, M., Itakura, S., Lee, K., Ishiguro, H.
    • Journal Title

      Advanced Robotics 20

      Pages: 1147-1163

    • Related Report
      2006 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] 心理学の立場から : メンタライジングの発達2006

    • Author(s)
      板倉昭二
    • Journal Title

      脳と発達 38

      Pages: 262-266

    • NAID

      10018253893

    • Related Report
      2006 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Synchrony in the onset of mental state reasoning : Evidence from 5 cultures.2005

    • Author(s)
      Callaghan, T., et al.
    • Journal Title

      Psychological Science 16

      Pages: 378-384

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2007 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] Synchrony in the onset of mental state reasoning: Evidence from 5 cultures.2005

    • Author(s)
      Callaghan, T., et al.
    • Journal Title

      Psychological Science 16

      Pages: 378-384

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2007 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] Synchrony in the onset of mental state reasoning : Evidence from 5 cultures.2005

    • Author(s)
      Callaghan, T.
    • Journal Title

      Psychological Science 16

      Pages: 378-384

    • Related Report
      2005 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Can chimpanzee infants(Pan troglodytes) form categorical representations in the same manner as human infants(Homo sapiens).2005

    • Author(s)
      Murai, C.
    • Journal Title

      Developmental Science 8

      Pages: 240-254

    • Related Report
      2005 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Effect of Conflicting and Non-Conflicting Cues On a Rule Switching Task2005

    • Author(s)
      Moriguchi, Y
    • Journal Title

      Psychological Reports 96

      Pages: 1049-1054

    • Related Report
      2005 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] 見出される意図:比較認知発達科学からのアプローチ2005

    • Author(s)
      板倉昭二
    • Journal Title

      人工知能学会誌 20

      Pages: 387-393

    • Related Report
      2005 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Gaze following and joint visual attention in nonhuman animals.2004

    • Author(s)
      Itakura, S.
    • Journal Title

      Japanese Psychological Research 46

      Pages: 216-226

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2007 Final Research Report Summary 2004 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Gaze following and joint visual attention in nonhuman animals.2004

    • Author(s)
      Itakura, S
    • Journal Title

      Japanese Psychological Research 46

      Pages: 216-226

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2007 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] Use of experimenter-given directional cues by a young white-handed gibbon (Hylobateslar).2004

    • Author(s)
      Inoue, Y., Inoue, E., Itakura, S.
    • Journal Title

      Japanese Psychological Research 46

      Pages: 262-267

    • Related Report
      2004 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] 成り立つ心-心の発達科学2004

    • Author(s)
      板倉昭二
    • Journal Title

      哲学研究 578

      Pages: 61-79

    • Related Report
      2004 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] 認知発達ロボティクスに期待すること2004

    • Author(s)
      板倉昭二
    • Journal Title

      ベビーサイエンス 4

      Pages: 28-28

    • Related Report
      2004 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] 他者の心の理解の発達2004

    • Author(s)
      板倉昭二
    • Journal Title

      チャイルドヘルス 7

      Pages: 11-16

    • Related Report
      2004 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] 映像の参照的理解2004

    • Author(s)
      板倉昭二
    • Journal Title

      チャイルドヘルス 7

      Pages: 354-357

    • Related Report
      2004 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] How to build an intentional android : infants' imitation of a robot's goal-directed actions.

    • Author(s)
      Itakur, S., et al.
    • Journal Title

      Infancy (in press)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2007 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] Young children's yes bias ; How does it relate to verbal ability, inhibitory control and theory of mind?

    • Author(s)
      Moriguchi, Y., Okanda. M., Itakura, S.
    • Journal Title

      First Language (in press)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2007 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] Social transmission of disinhibition in young children

    • Author(s)
      Moriguchi, Y., Lee, K., Itakura, S.
    • Journal Title

      Developmental Science (in press)

    • Related Report
      2006 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Children in Asian cultures Say res to res No question. Commom and Cultral differences between Vietnamese and Japanese Children

    • Author(s)
      Okanda, M., Itakura, S.
    • Journal Title

      International Journal of Developmental Psychology (in press)

    • Related Report
      2006 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Morita, T., Morito, Y., Nakagawa, Y., Sadato, N.(2008)Perception of Social Causality in Infants and Adults.2008

    • Author(s)
      Itakura, S., et. al.
    • Organizer
      XVIth International Conference on Infant Studies
    • Place of Presentation
      Vancouver
    • Year and Date
      2008-03-30
    • Related Report
      2007 Annual Research Report
  • [Book] Origins of social mind : Evolutionary and developmental view2008

    • Author(s)
      Itakura, S., Fujita, K.
    • Total Pages
      243
    • Publisher
      Springer
    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2007 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Book] 心を発見する心の発達2007

    • Author(s)
      板倉昭二
    • Total Pages
      183
    • Publisher
      京都大学学術出版
    • Related Report
      2007 Annual Research Report
  • [Book] 「私」はいつ生まれるか2006

    • Author(s)
      板倉昭二
    • Total Pages
      187
    • Publisher
      ちくま新書
    • Related Report
      2006 Annual Research Report
  • [Book] 読む目、読まれる目2005

    • Author(s)
      板倉昭二(共著)
    • Total Pages
      234
    • Publisher
      東京大学出版会
    • Related Report
      2005 Annual Research Report

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Published: 2004-04-01   Modified: 2016-04-21  

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