| Project/Area Number |
16510181
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| Research Category |
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
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| Allocation Type | Single-year Grants |
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| Section | 一般 |
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| Research Field |
Resource conservation science
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| Research Institution | National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology |
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Principal Investigator |
YUMOTO Isao National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Genome-based Biofactory, Research group leader (30358303)
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| Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) |
TOJO Motoaki Osaka Prefecture University, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, Associate Professor (90254440)
SAKAMOTO Tatsuji Osaka Prefecture University, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, Associate Professor (10275282)
IHARA Hideshi Osaka Prefecture University, Graduate School of Science, Research Associate (60254447)
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| Project Period (FY) |
2004 – 2007
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| Project Status |
Completed (Fiscal Year 2007)
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| Budget Amount *help |
¥4,070,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥270,000)
Fiscal Year 2007: ¥1,170,000 (Direct Cost: ¥900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥270,000)
Fiscal Year 2006: ¥900,000 (Direct Cost: ¥900,000)
Fiscal Year 2005: ¥900,000 (Direct Cost: ¥900,000)
Fiscal Year 2004: ¥1,100,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,100,000)
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| Keywords | low tempreture microorganisms / Polar Regions / plant pathogens / mosses / enzyme production / cold resistance / 植物病原菌 / ピシウム属菌 / Trichoderma属菌 |
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| Research Abstract |
Low temperature microorganisms especially plant parasitic fungi inhabiting in Polar Regions were characterized on species identification, enzyme production and cold resistance.
Six Trichoderma strains isolated from Spitsbergen Island in 2002 were examined on species identification and enzyme production. The all strains were identified as Trichoderma polysporum by their morphology in a cultivation condition and sequences of rDNA ITS regions. Three representative strains of the Arctic T. polysporum were tested on production of extracellular enzymes. The all strains were secreted xylanase and polygalacturonase in a sugar beet extract liquid medium. Among these enzymes, a polygalacturonase (PG) was purified. The purified PG from T. polysporum strains isolated from Germany was used as comparison. PG from the Arctic strain showed optimum activity at 40℃ and 14 to 47% of maximum even at 0℃. While PG from the German strain showed optimum activity at 50℃ and 0 to 4% of maximum at 0℃. The results indicate that the Arctic T. polysporum strains are potential source of a cold active PG.
Pythium spp. from Spitsbergen Island, Greenland and King George Island were examined on species identification. The total 314 isolates were categorized as unknown Pythium species 1 to 5. Most of them showed pathogenicity to a moss (Sanionia uncinata) and wheat leaves in an in vitro inoculation test. Their optimum temperatures for hyphal growth on an agar culture were 22 to 28℃. At least one isolate of Arctic Pythium strains has greater resistance to freezing than a strain of its morphologically related Pythium speices. These results suggest unique species of Pythium inhabiting in Polar Regions. During this investigation, Pythium selective media for isolation them from natural environmental conditions were developed.
A smut fungus on Polygonum viviparum in Svalbard, Norway was identified as Microbotryum bistortarum during this study.
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