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A Semantic /Historical Study on the Semantic Network and Isolated. Usages of So Called "Function Words" in English

Research Project

Project/Area Number 16520293
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)

Allocation TypeSingle-year Grants
Section一般
Research Field English linguistics
Research InstitutionShinshu University

Principal Investigator

KATO Kozo  Shinshu University, General Education, Professor, 全学教育機構開発部, 教授 (20169501)

Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) HANAZAKI Miki  Shinshu University, Faculty of Arts, Associate Professor, 人文学部, 講師 (80345727)
Project Period (FY) 2004 – 2005
Project Status Completed (Fiscal Year 2005)
Budget Amount *help
¥3,000,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,000,000)
Fiscal Year 2005: ¥1,500,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,500,000)
Fiscal Year 2004: ¥1,500,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,500,000)
Keywordspreposition / polysemy / by / as / for / with / cognitive semantics / isolated usages / 前置詞 / 史的アプローチ / 孤立用法 / 助詞 / 中心義 / 通時論的観点 / 日英語比較
Research Abstract

This research has investigated the polysemy of English prepositions from a cognitive linguistic and historical perspective. The specific prepositions dealt with are by, as, for, and with. The followings are the summary for each study
■ by We have found that in the OE period, the central meaning of this word was <Somewhere Around>, but this has changed to <Through> by the ME period. This conclusion can explain why isolated usages of by, such as by day and by night, survive only as fixed phrases.
■ as This word evolved from OE (all) so rich so X(present translation as rich as X). The so in the subordinate clause evolved into PE so, and that in the main clause evolved into PE as. The conjunction as has seemingly the opposite meaning of REASON and CONCESSION, but we concluded that this phenomenon occurs because (i) it is not as that has these meanings, but (ii) human beings tend to interpret two clauses that are juxtaposed as REASON or CONCESSION (this phenomenon can also be seen in the case … More of and, the participial construction, and so on), so it is the human cognition that make these meanings.
■ for This word meant <In front of> before the OE period, but it has experienced semantic change, and by OE, before (by + for) took its place. For already had non-spatial meanings in the OE period, and this is because if A is before B, it is also true that B is before A, hence there was ambiguity in direction. The meaning of <Duration> and <Goal> came from French pour. Also, this research on for has become the support for our theory on the isolated usages and fixed phrases developed in the research on by.
■ with The significant characteristic of this word is that it does not designate any point in space, and it has many meanings that seem unrelated: it has the meaning of <Accompaniment>, <Agreement>; it also has the meaning of <Against>, which is opposite from the meaning of <Accompaniment>; it also has the meaning of <Situation>, <Instrument>, which does not seem to be related to other meanings. This peculiarity can only be explained by positing that these meanings do not derive from the meaning of with itself, but from the cognition that human beings tend to make.
Lastly, we have also carried out research on the semantics of Japanese postpositions, de and ni, in order to advance our research into comparative linguistics. The result of this comparative linguistics will be developed and demonstrated in our presentations in the workshop of 22^<nd> National Conference of the English Linguistic Society of Japan. Less

Report

(3 results)
  • 2005 Annual Research Report   Final Research Report Summary
  • 2004 Annual Research Report
  • Research Products

    (25 results)

All 2006 2005 2004 2003

All Journal Article (22 results) Book (3 results)

  • [Journal Article] Forの意味論2006

    • Author(s)
      加藤 鉱三, 花崎 美紀
    • Journal Title

      人文科学論集、文化コミュニケーション学科編 第40号

      Pages: 59-78

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2005 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] Asの意味論2006

    • Author(s)
      加藤 鉱三, 花崎 美紀
    • Journal Title

      「英語の「機能語」と呼ばれる語の意味ネットワークと孤立用法に関する意味論的・史的研究」平成16年度~平成17年度科学研究費補助金(基盤研究(C2))研究成果報告書

      Pages: 78-88

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2005 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] The Semantics of As - TIME (WHEN), REASON, RESULT, CONCESSION -2006

    • Author(s)
      Hanazaki Miki, Kozo Kato
    • Journal Title

      「英語の「機能語」と呼ばれる語の意味ネットワークと孤立用法に関する意味論的・史的研究」平成16年度~平成17年度科学研究費補助金(基盤研究(C2))研究成果報告書

      Pages: 89-100

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2005 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] Withの意味論2006

    • Author(s)
      加藤 鉱三, 花崎 美紀
    • Journal Title

      「英語の「機能語」と呼ばれる語の意味ネットワークと孤立用法に関する意味論的・史的研究」平成16年度~平成17年度科学研究費補助金(基盤研究(C2))研究成果報告書

      Pages: 140-152

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2005 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] As-no Imiron [The Semantics of As]2006

    • Author(s)
      Kato, Kozo, Miki Hanazaki
    • Journal Title

      The Final Report on the Research Project, Grant-In-Aid for Scientific Research pp.

      Pages: 78-88

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2005 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] The Semantics of As-TIME (WHEN), REASON, RESULT, CONCESSION2006

    • Author(s)
      Hanazaki, Miki, Kozo Kato
    • Journal Title

      The Final Report on the Research Project, Grant-In-Aid for Scientific Research pp.

      Pages: 89-100

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2005 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] With-no Imiron [The Semantics of With]2006

    • Author(s)
      Kato, Kozo, Miki Hanazaki
    • Journal Title

      The Final Report on the Research Project, Grant-In-Aid for Scientific Research pp.

      Pages: 140-152

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2005 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] The Semantic Network of By2006

    • Author(s)
      Hanazaki, Miki, Kozo Kato
    • Journal Title

      Studies in Modern English, Tokyo : Eichosha.

      Pages: 337-352

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2005 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] The Final Report on the Research Project, Grant-In-Aid for Scientific Research2006

    • Author(s)
      Kato, Kozo, Miki Hanazaki
    • Journal Title

      Self-published

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2005 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] Forの意味論2006

    • Author(s)
      加藤鉱三, 花崎美紀
    • Journal Title

      人文科学論集<文化コミュニケー・ション学科編>1 第40号

      Pages: 59-77

    • Related Report
      2005 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] A Step toward the Improvement of English Teaching : A Semantic Approach to -Ment and -Tion2006

    • Author(s)
      守田真喜子, 花崎美紀
    • Journal Title

      教育システム研究開発センター紀要 第11号(In press)

    • NAID

      110006216978

    • Related Report
      2005 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Toward a Principled Polysemy"2005

    • Author(s)
      Hanazaki, Mild
    • Journal Title

      English Linguistics. Vol22-2

      Pages: 412-442

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2005 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] Toward a Principled Polysemy2005

    • Author(s)
      花崎 美紀
    • Journal Title

      English Linguistics 22-2

      Pages: 412-442

    • Related Report
      2005 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] 移動動詞の補語動詞転換と結果構文への含意2005

    • Author(s)
      加藤鉱三, 都築雅子
    • Journal Title

      IVY 38

      Pages: 69-85

    • NAID

      120006627985

    • Related Report
      2005 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] 英語と日本語の記述述語 -言語タイプの違いから-2005

    • Author(s)
      加藤鉱三, 都築雅子
    • Journal Title

      人文科学論集<文化コミュニケーション学科編> 37

    • NAID

      110004625052

    • Related Report
      2004 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Semantic Network of By Revisited2004

    • Author(s)
      花崎 美紀, 加藤 鉱三
    • Journal Title

      人文科学論集、文化コミュニケーション学科編 第38号

      Pages: 23-38

    • NAID

      110004625044

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2005 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] Toward a Principled Polysemy2004

    • Author(s)
      Miki Hanazaki
    • Journal Title

      English Linguistics 22-2

      Pages: 412-442

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2005 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] 「として」のas2004

    • Author(s)
      加藤 鉱三
    • Journal Title

      英語青年 2004年1月号

      Pages: 44-44

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2005 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] Semantic Network of By Revisited2004

    • Author(s)
      Hanazaki, Miki, Kozo Kato
    • Journal Title

      Studies in Humanities <Culture and Communication> Vol 38

      Pages: 23-30

    • NAID

      110004625044

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2005 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] Toshite-no as [As which denotes <State>]2004

    • Author(s)
      Kato, Kozo
    • Journal Title

      The Rising Generation. Col Col2004-1

      Pages: 44-44

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2005 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] For-no Imiron [The Semantics of For]2004

    • Author(s)
      Kato, Kozo, Miki Hanazaki
    • Journal Title

      Studies in Humanities <Culture and Communication> Vol 40

      Pages: 59-70

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2005 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] "Gengo-no Koi-toshiteno Kioku" [The Memory of Language Based on Action]2004

    • Author(s)
      Hanazaki, Miki
    • Journal Title

      Bunka-no Kioku-to Kiroku [The Memory and Records of Culture], Shinshu-University

      Pages: 64-70

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2005 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Book] 「英語の「機能語」と呼ばれる語の意味ネットワークと孤立用法に関する意味論的・史的研究」平成16年度~平成17年度科学研究費補助金(基盤研究(C2))研究成果報告書2006

    • Author(s)
      加藤 鉱三, 花崎 美紀
    • Total Pages
      163
    • Publisher
      自家出版
    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2005 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Book] 「言語の「行為」としての「記憶」」『文化の記憶と記録』2005

    • Author(s)
      花崎 美紀
    • Total Pages
      139
    • Publisher
      信州大学人文学部 文化コミュニケーション学科
    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2005 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Book] "The Semantic Network of By" in Studies in Modern English2003

    • Author(s)
      Miki Hanazaki, Kozo Kato
    • Total Pages
      510
    • Publisher
      英潮社
    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2005 Final Research Report Summary

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Published: 2004-04-01   Modified: 2016-04-21  

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