Direct Proof for the Formation of Proto-Elliptical Galaxies and Their Origin

• Project/Area Number: 16540223
• Research Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• Allocation Type: Single-year Grants
• Section: 一般
• Research Field: Astronomy
• Research Institution: National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
• Principal Investigator: ARIMOTO Nobuo National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Optical and Near-infrared Division, Professor, 光赤外研究部, 教授 (60242096)
• Project Period (FY): 2004 – 2006
• Project Status: Completed (Fiscal Year 2006)
• Budget Amount: ¥3,700,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,700,000); Fiscal Year 2006: ¥900,000 (Direct Cost: ¥900,000); Fiscal Year 2005: ¥1,200,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,200,000); Fiscal Year 2004: ¥1,600,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,600,000)
• Keywords: Elliptical Galaxies / Galaxy Formation / Galaxy Evolution / BzK Galaxies / Star Formation Rate / Stellar Populations / Primeval Galaxies / ERO銀河 / 星形成 / 高赤方偏移銀河 / 星間ダスト

Research Abstract

We have developed an effective way to cull the candidates for star forming elliptical galaxies at high redshift, and have successfully discovered numerous candidates (sBzK and pBzK galaxies at 1.4<z<2.5) by using the Subaru/Suprime-Camera. sBzK galaxies are currently under intense star forming activity, and their stellar masses, spatial densities, and clustering properties are comparable to those of nearby massive ellipticals. pBzK galaxies are post starburst galaxies with comparable stellar masses to sBzKs and their clustering and spatial densities are as large as giant ellipticals in clusters of galaxies of the local universe. These results suggest that BzK galaxies are elliptical galaxies in their major formation epoch; sBzKs evolve to pBzKs, then to EROs at z~1, and finally to passive elliptical galaxies at z-0. To confirm high SFRs inferred from SED of sBzK galaxies, we measured 1.2mm flux of 2 sBzKs to find very high SFRs as 500~1500 solar mass per year, supporting our previous f indings of active star forming nature of sBzK galaxies. These galaxies are more luminous in K-band than Scuba sources at z~2, from which one can learn that sBzKs had a short-period evolutionary stage of very active star formation with dense dust clouds. We have also observed one sBzK galaxy, BzK-15504 with near infrared 3D spectrograph SINFONI on VLT for the first time of this kind of observation of high redshift galaxies. Surprisingly, this galaxy has a rapidly rotating disk of comparable mass and rotational velocity to those of the Milky Way disk, and is now in the stage of bulge formation with gas infall of considerable amount into a central massive black hole. It is not clear is if this massive gas disk is stable, or the galaxy will eventually merge with other galaxies to form a single massive elliptical galaxy.
This study strongly suggests the following scenario for the formation and evolution of massive elliptical galaxies: The formation of massive ellipticals occur at z~2 universe, before which mass assembly has not yet completed and galaxies have relatively smaller SFRs (due to a lack of sufficient gas available). Once formed at z~2, galaxies are detected as sBzK galaxies, which then evolve into pBzK galaxies, ERO galaxies, and finally giant elliptical galaxies on the Hubble sequence. The timescale of this process would depend on the galaxy environment in the sense that galaxies evolve much quicker in dense environment and more massive galaxies evolve more rapidly. Thus, our finding of the formation epoch of massive ellipticals at z~2 should correspond to the general field and the formation epoch could be much earlier in the cluster environments. Thus there is a possibility to discover clustering of star forming dusty galaxies at much higher redshift. Identifying such proto-clusters of galaxies would tell a lot about elliptical galaxies in their infant ages.

Research Products

• [Journal Article] Deconstructing dwarf galaxies : a Suprime-Cam survey of Andromeda II (2007)
  • Author(s): McConnachie, A.W., Arimoto, N., Urwin, M.
  • Journal Title: Monthly Notice of Royal Astronomical Society (印刷中)
  • Description: 「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
• [Journal Article] The first determination of the actinide Th abundance for a red giant of the Ursa Minor dwarf galaxy (2007)
  • Author(s): Aoki, W., Honda, S., Sadakane, K., Arimoto, N.
  • Journal Title: Publication of Astronomical Society of Japan (印刷中)
  • Description: 「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
• [Journal Article] The stellar content of the isolated transition dwarf galaxy DDO210 (2007)
  • Author(s): McConnachie, A.W., Arimoto, N., Irwin, M., Tolstoy, E.
  • Journal Title: Monthly Notice of Royal Astronomical Society 373 Pages: 715-728
  • Description: 「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
• [Journal Article] Deconstructing dwarf galaxies : a Suprime-Cam survey of Andromeda II (2007)
  • Author(s): McConnachie, A.W., Arimoto, N., Urwin, M
  • Journal Title: MNRAS astro-ph/07051520(in press)
  • Description: 「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
• [Journal Article] The first determination of the actinide Th abundance for a red giant of the Ursa Minor dwarf galaxy (2007)
  • Author(s): Aoki, W., Honda, S., Sadakane, K., Arimoto, N.
  • Journal Title: PASJ astro-ph/07043104(in press)
  • Description: 「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
• [Journal Article] A Subaru/Suprime-Cam wide field survey of globular cluster populations around M87-II. Colour and spatial distribution (2006)
  • Author(s): Tamura, N., Sharples, R.M., Arimoto, N., Onodera, M., et al.
  • Journal Title: Monthly Notice of Royal Astronomical Society 373 Pages: 601-612
  • Description: 「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
• [Journal Article] A Subaru/Suprime-Cam wide field survey of globular cluster populations around M87-I. Observation, data analysis and luminosity function (2006)
  • Author(s): Tamura, N., Sharples, R.M., Arimoto, N., Onodera, M., et al.
  • Journal Title: Monthly Notice of Royal Astronomical Society 372 Pages: 588-600
  • Description: 「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
• [Journal Article] A New View of the Dwarf Spheroidal Satellites of the Milky Way from VLT FLAMES : Where are the Very Metal-poor Stars? (2006)
  • Author(s): Helmi, A., Irwin, M.J., Tolstoy, E., Battaglia, G., Arimoto, N., et al.
  • Journal Title: Astrophysical Journal 651
  • Description: 「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
• [Journal Article] The DART imaging and CaT survey of the Fornax dwarf spheroidal galaxy (2006)
  • Author(s): Battaglia, G., Tolstoy, E., Helmi, A., Irwin, M., Arimoto, N.et al.
  • Journal Title: Astronomy ＆ Astrophysics 459 Pages: 423-440
  • Description: 「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
• [Journal Article] Deep Extragalactic Surveys around the Ecliptic Poles with AKARI (ASTRO-F) (2006)
  • Author(s): Matsuhara, H., Takagi, T., Wada, T., Arimoto, N., et al.
  • Journal Title: Publication of Astronomical Society of Japan 58 Pages: 673-694
  • NAID: 10023942230
  • Description: 「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
• [Journal Article] The rapid formation of a large rotating disk galaxy three billion years after the Big Bang (2006)
  • Author(s): Genzel, R., Daddi, E., Renzini, A., Kong, X., Arimoto, N.et al.
  • Journal Title: Nature 442 Pages: 786-789
  • Description: 「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
• [Journal Article] Origin of Two Distinct Populations in Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxies (2006)
  • Author(s): Kawata, D., Arimoto, N., Cen, R., Gibson, B.K.
  • Journal Title: Astrophysical Journal 641 Pages: 785-794
  • Description: 「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
• [Journal Article] The Tully-Fisher relation of intermediate redshift field and cluster galaxies from Subaru spectroscopy (2006)
  • Author(s): Nakamura, O., Aragon-Salamanca, A., Arimoto, N., et al.
  • Journal Title: Monthly Notice of Royal Astronomical Society 366 Pages: 144-162
  • Description: 「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
• [Journal Article] Spectroscopically confirmed large-scale structure associated to a z=0.82 cluster (2006)
  • Author(s): Tanaka, M., Kodama, T., Arimoto, N., Tanaka, I.
  • Journal Title: Monthly Notice of Royal Astronomical Society 365 Pages: 1392-1404
  • Description: 「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
• [Journal Article] A Wide Area Survey for High-Redshift Massive Galaxies. I. Number Counts and Clustering of BzKs and EROs (2006)
  • Author(s): Kong, X., Daddi, E., Arimoto, N., Renzini, A., Onoera, M., et al.
  • Journal Title: Astrophysical Journal 638 Pages: 72-87
  • Description: 「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
• [Journal Article] MAMBO 1.2mm Observations of BzK-selected Star-Forming Galaxies at z~2 (2006)
  • Author(s): Dannerbauer, H., Daddi, E., Onodera, M., Arimoto, N., et al.
  • Journal Title: Astrophysical Journal 637
  • Description: 「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
• [Journal Article] The Dwarf galaxy Abundances and Radial-velocities Team (DART) Large Programme - A Close Look at Nearby Galaxies (2006)
  • Author(s): Tolstoy, E., Hill, V., Irwin, M., Helmi, A., Arimoto, N.et al.
  • Journal Title: The Messenger 123 Pages: 33-37
  • Description: 「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
• [Journal Article] The SINS Survey : Rotation Curves and Dynamicas Evolution of Distant Galaxies with SINFONI (2006)
  • Author(s): Forster Schreiber, N.M., Genzel, R., Tacconi, L., Arimoto, N.et al.
  • Journal Title: The Messenger 125 Pages: 11-14
  • Description: 「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
• [Journal Article] The stellar content of the isolated transition dwarf galaxy DD0210 (2006)
  • Author(s): McConnachie, A.W., Arimoto, N., Irwin, M., Tolstoy, E.
  • Journal Title: MNRAS 373 Pages: 715-728
  • Description: 「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
• [Journal Article] A Subaru/Suprime-Cam wide field survey of globular cluster populations around M87-II. Colour and spatial distribution (2006)
  • Author(s): Tamura, N., Sharples, R.M., Arimoto, N., Onodera, M., Ohta, K., Yamada, Y.
  • Journal Title: MNRAS 373 Pages: 601-612
  • Description: 「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
• [Journal Article] A Subaru/Suprime-Cam wide field survey of globular cluster populations around M87-I. Observation, data analysis and luminosity function (2006)
  • Author(s): Tamura, N., Sharples, R.M., Arimoto, N., Onodera, M., Ohta, K., Yamada, Y.
  • Journal Title: MNRAS 373 Pages: 588-600
  • Description: 「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
• [Journal Article] A New View of the Dwarf Spheroidal Satellites of the Milky Way from VLT FLAMES : Where are the Very Metal-poor Stars? (2006)
  • Author(s): Helmi, A., Irwin, M.J., Tolstoy, E., Battaglia, G, Hill, V., Jablonka, P., Venn, K., Shetrone, M., Letarte, B., Arimoto, N., et al.
  • Journal Title: ApJ 651
  • Description: 「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
• [Journal Article] The DART imaging and CaT survey of the Fornax dwarf spheroidal galaxy (2006)
  • Author(s): Battaglia, G., Tolstoy, E., Helmi, A., Irwin, M., Letarte, B., Jablonka, P., Hill, V, Venn, K.A., Shetrone, M.D., Arimoto, N.et al.
  • Journal Title: A＆A 459 Pages: 423-440
  • Description: 「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
• [Journal Article] Deep Extragalactic Surveys around the Ecliptic Poles with AKARI (ASTRO-F) (2006)
  • Author(s): Matsuhara, H., Wada, T., Matsuura, S., Nakagawa, T., Kawada, M., Ohyama, Y., Person, C., Oyabu, S., Takagi, T., Serjeant, S., White, G.J, Hanami, H., Watarai, H., Takeuchi, T.T., Kodama, T., Arimoto, N., Okamura, S., Lee, H.-M., Pak, S., Im, S.-S., Lee, M.-G., Kim, W., Jeong, W.-S., Imai, K., Fujishiro, N., Shirahata, M., Suzuki, T., Sakon, I.
  • Journal Title: PASJ 58 Pages: 673-694
  • NAID: 10023942230
  • Description: 「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
• [Journal Article] The rapid formation of a large rotating disk galaxy three billion years after the Big Bang (2006)
  • Author(s): Genzel, R., Tacconi, L.J., Eisenhauer, F., Forster Schreiber, N.M., Cimatti, A., Daddi, E., Bouche, N., Davies, R., Lehnert, M.D., Lutz, D., Nesvadba, N., Verma, A., Abuter, E., Shapiro, L., Sternberg, A., Renzini, A., Kong, X., Arimoto, N., Mignoli, M
  • Journal Title: Nature 442 Pages: 786-789
  • Description: 「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
• [Journal Article] The SINS Survey : Rotation Curves and Dynamicas Evolution of Distant Galaxies with SINFONI (2006)
  • Author(s): Forster Schreiber, N.M., Genzel, R., Tacconi, L.J., Eisenhauer, F., Cimatti, A., Daddi, E., Bouche, N., Davies, R., Lehnert, M.D., Lutz, D., Nesvadba, N., Verma, A., Abuter, E., Shapiro, L., Sternberg, A., Renzini, A., Kong, X., Arimoto, N., Mignoli, M.
  • Journal Title: The Messenger 125 Pages: 11-14
  • Description: 「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
• [Journal Article] Origin of Two Distinct Populations in Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxies (2006)
  • Author(s): Kawata, D., Arimoto, N., Cen, R., Gibson, B.K.
  • Journal Title: ApJ 641 Pages: 785-794
  • Description: 「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
• [Journal Article] The Dwarf galaxy Abundances and Radial-velocities Team (DART) Large Programme -A Close Look at Nearby Galaxies (2006)
  • Author(s): Tolstoy, E., Hill, V., Irwin, M., Helmi, A., Battaglia, G, Letarte, B., Venn, K., Jablonka, P., Shetrone, M., Arimoto, N., Abel, T., Primas, F., Kaufer, A., Szeifert, T., Francois, P., Sadakane, K.
  • Journal Title: The Messenger 123 Pages: 33-37
  • Description: 「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
• [Journal Article] The Tully-Fisher relation of intermediate redshift field and cluster galaxies from Subaru spectroscopy (2006)
  • Author(s): Nakamura, O., Aragon-Salamanca, A., Milvang-Jensen, B., Arimoto, N., Ikuta, C., Mamford, S.P.
  • Journal Title: MNRAS 366 Pages: 144-162
  • Description: 「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
• [Journal Article] Spectroscopically confirmed large-scale structure associated to a z=0.82 cluster (2006)
  • Author(s): Tanaka, M., Kodama, T., Arimoto, N., Tanaka, I.
  • Journal Title: MNRAS 365 Pages: 1392-1404
  • Description: 「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
• [Journal Article] A Wide Area Survey for High-Redshift Massive Galaxies. I. Number Counts and Clustering of BzKs and EROs (2006)
  • Author(s): Kong, X., Daddi, E., Arimoto, N., Renzini, A., Broadhurst, T., Cimatti, A., Ikuta, C., Ohta, K., da Costa, L., Olsen, L.F., Onodera, M., Tamura, N.
  • Journal Title: ApJ 638 Pages: 72-87
  • Description: 「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
• [Journal Article] MAMBO 1.2mm Observations of BzK-selected Star-Forming Galaxies at z~2 (2006)
  • Author(s): Dannerbauer, H., Daddi, E., Onodera, M., Kong, X., Rottgering, H., Arimoto, N., Brusa, M., Cimatti, A., Kurk, J., Legnert, M.D., Mignoli, M., Renzini, A.
  • Journal Title: ApJ 637
  • Description: 「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
• [Journal Article] Two Distinct Ancient Components in the Sculptor Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy : First Results from the Dwarf Abundances and Radial Velocities Team (2006)
  • Author(s): olstoy, E., Hill, V., Irwin, M., Helmi, A., Battaglia, G, Letarte, B., Venn, K., Jablonka, P., Shetrone, M., Arimoto, N., Abel, T., Primas, F., Kaufer, A., Szeifert, T., Francois, P., Sadakane, K.
  • Journal Title: ApJ 617
  • Description: 「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
• [Journal Article] The stellar content of the isolated transition dwarf galaxy DDO210 (2006)
  • Author(s): McConnachie, A, Arimoto, N, Irwin, M, Tolstoy,E
  • Journal Title: Monthly Notice of Royal Astronomical Society 373 Pages: 715-728
• [Journal Article] A Subaru/Suprime-Cam wide-field survey of globular cluster populations around M87-II.Colour and spatial distribution (2006)
  • Author(s): Tamura, N, Shaples, R.M, Arimoto, N, Onodera, M Et al.
  • Journal Title: Monthly Notice of Royal Astronomical Society 373 Pages: 601-612
• [Journal Article] A Subaru/Suprime-Cam wide-field survey of globular cluster populations around M87-I.Observation, data analysis and luminosity function (2006)
  • Author(s): Tamura, N, shaples, R.M., arimoto, N, Onodera, M Et al.
  • Journal Title: Monthly Notice of royal Astronomical Society 373 Pages: 588-600
• [Journal Article] A New View of the Dwarf Spheroidal Satellites of the Milky Way from VLT FLAMES : Where Are the Very Metal-poor Stars? (2006)
  • Author(s): Helmi, A, Irwin, M.J., Tolstoy, E, Arimoto, N et al.
  • Journal Title: Astrophysical Journal(Letters) 651
• [Journal Article] The DART imaging and CaT survey of the Fornax dwarf spheroidal galaxy (2006)
  • Author(s): Battaglia, G, Tolstoy, E., Irwin, M.J., Arimoto, N.et al.
  • Journal Title: Astronomy ＆ Astorophysics 459 Pages: 423-440
• [Journal Article] Deep Extragalactic Surveys around the Ecliptic Poles with ARAKI(ASTRO-F) (2006)
  • Author(s): Matsuhara, H, Wada, T, Matsuura, H, Arimoto, N et al.
  • Journal Title: Publication of Astronomical Society of Japan 58 Pages: 673-694
• [Journal Article] The rapid formation of a large rotating disk galaxy three billlion years after the Big Bang (2006)
  • Author(s): Genzel, R, Tacconi, L.J., Cimatti, A, Daddi, E, Arimoto, N et al.
  • Journal Title: Nature 442 Pages: 786-789
• [Journal Article] The Tully-Fisher relation of intermediate redshift field and cluster galaxies from Subaru spectroscopy (2006)
  • Author(s): Nakamura, O., Aragon-Salamanca, A., Arimoto, N.
  • Journal Title: Monthly Notice of Royal Astronomical Society 366 Pages: 144-144
• [Journal Article] A Wide Area Survey for High-Redshift Massive Galaxies. I. Number Counts and Clustering of BzKs and EROs (2006)
  • Author(s): Kong, X., Daddi, E., Arimoto, N., et al.
  • Journal Title: Astrophysical Journal 638 Pages: 72-72
• [Journal Article] MAMBO 1.2 mm Observations of BzK-selected Star - Forming Galaxies at z=2 (2006)
  • Author(s): Dannerbauer, H., Daddi, E., Arimoto, N., et al.
  • Journal Title: Astrophysical Journal 637
• [Journal Article] Spectroscopically confirmed large-scale structures associated to a z=0.8 cluster (2006)
  • Author(s): TanaKa, M., Kodama, T., Arimoto, N., et al.
  • Journal Title: Monthly Notice of Royal Astronomical Society 365 Pages: 1392-1392
• [Journal Article] Origin of Two Distinct Stellar Populations in Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxies (2006)
  • Author(s): Kawata, D., Arimoto N., et al.
  • Journal Title: Astrophysical Journal (印刷中)
• [Journal Article] The build-up of the colour-magnitude relation as a function of environment (2005)
  • Author(s): Tanaka, M., Kodama, T., Arimoto, N., Tanaka, I., Yamada, T.et al.
  • Journal Title: Monthly Notice of Royal Astronomical Society 362 Pages: 268-288
  • Description: 「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
• [Journal Article] Panoramic Views of Cluster-Scale Assemblies Explored by Subaru Wide-field Imaging (2005)
  • Author(s): Kodama, T., Tanaka, M., Arimoto, N., Yamada, T.et al.
  • Journal Title: Publication of Astronomical Society of Japan 57 Pages: 309-323
  • NAID: 10023936667
  • Description: 「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
• [Journal Article] The Surprisingly Steep Mass Profile of A1689, from a Lensing Analysis of Subaru Images (2005)
  • Author(s): Broadhurst, T., Takada, M., Kong, X., Arimoto, N., Chiba, M.et al.
  • Journal Title: Astrophysical Journal 619
  • Description: 「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
• [Journal Article] The build-up of the colour-magnitude relation as a function of environment (2005)
  • Author(s): Tanaka, M., Kodama, T., Arimoto, N., Okamura, S., Umetsu, K., Shimasaku, K., Tanaka, I., Yamada, T.
  • Journal Title: MNRAS 362 Pages: 268-288
  • Description: 「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
• [Journal Article] Panoramic Views of Cluster-Scale Assemblies Explored by Subaru Wide-field Imaging (2005)
  • Author(s): Kodama, T., Tanaka, M., Tamura, T., Yahagi, H., Nagashima, M., Tanaka, I., Arimoto, N., Futamase, T., Iye, M., Karasawa, Y., Kashikawa, N., Kawasaki, W., Kitayama, T., Matsuhara, H., Nakata, F., Ohashi, T., Ohta, K., Okamoto, T., Okamura, S., Shimasaku, K., Suto, Y., Tamura, N., Umetsu, K., Yamada, T.
  • Journal Title: PASJ 57 Pages: 309-323
  • NAID: 10023936667
  • Description: 「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
• [Journal Article] The Surprisingly Steep Mass Profile of A1689, from a Lensing Analysis of Subaru Images (2005)
  • Author(s): Broadhurst, T., Arimoto, N., Kong, X., et al.
  • Journal Title: Astropysical Journal 618
• [Journal Article] The build-up of the colour-magnitude relation as a function of environment (2005)
  • Author(s): Tanaka, M., Kodama, T., Arimoto, N., et al.
  • Journal Title: Monthly Notice of Royal Astronomical Society 362 Pages: 268-268
• [Journal Article] Panoramic Views of Cluster-Scale Assemblies Explored by Subaru Wide-Field Imaging (2005)
  • Author(s): Kodama, T., Tanaka, M., Arimoto, N., et al.
  • Journal Title: Publications of Astronomical Society of Japan 57 Pages: 309-309
  • NAID: 10023936667
• [Journal Article] The Surprisingly Steep Mass Profile of A 1689 from a Lensing Analysis of Subaru Images (2005)
  • Author(s): Broadhurst, D., Kong, X., Arimoto, N.
  • Journal Title: Astrophysical Journal 619
• [Journal Article] Two Distinct Ancient Components in the Sculptor Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy : First Results from the Dwarf Abundances and Radial Velocities Team (2004)
  • Author(s): Tolstoy, E., Hill, V., Irwin, M., Helmi, A., Arimoto, N.et al.
  • Journal Title: Astrophysical Journal 617
  • Description: 「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
• [Journal Article] Two Distinct Ancient Components in the Sculpter Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy : First Results from the Dwarf Abundances and Radial Velocities (2004)
  • Author(s): Tolstoy, E., Arimoto, N.et al.
  • Journal Title: Astrophysical Journal 617
• [Journal Article] The Surprisingly Steep Mass Profile of A1689, from a Lensing Analysis of Subaru Images
  • Author(s): Broadhurst, T., Takada, M., Umetsu, K., Kong, X., Arimoto, N., Chiba, M., Futamase, T.
  • Journal Title: ApJ 619
  • Description: 「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より