| Budget Amount *help |
¥3,500,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,500,000)
Fiscal Year 2005: ¥1,100,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,100,000)
Fiscal Year 2004: ¥2,400,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,400,000)
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| Research Abstract |
We applied a large amount of urea in boreal forests (aspen and lodge pole pine forests) near Edmonton, Canada. Saprotrophic anamorphic fungi, Amblyosporium botrytis, saprotrophic ascomata Ascobous denudatus, Peziza moravecii, and Pseudombrophila petrakii occurred within the year of the urea application. Saprotrophic basidiomycota Coprinus spp. occurred for 2 years following the urea application, and finally ectomycorrhizal basisiomycota Hebeloma sp. occurred 3 years after the urea application. Occurrence frequencies of Hebeloma spp. in Canada, Australia and New Zealand is lower than that of Hebeloma spp in Japan. Peziza sp. and Mycena sp. were also observed by the cultivation of litters treated with urea in plant pots.
We examined the changes in the concentrations of soil elements in embedded leaves and wood disks of the lodge pole pine following the urea application. Remarkable changes in the concentrations of soils elements were observed 1-2 years after the application. These suggest that conspicuous changes of microbial communities, especially fungal community including ammonia fungi, have happened during this period.
Similar pH spectra for basidiospore germination were observed in C. phlyctidosporus complex (Europe and Japan), C. phlyctidosporus complex (Australia and New Zealand), Coprinus spp. (Canada) in 100 mM NH_4Cl water solutions.
Surveys in Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and Japan suggest that the fungus community of ammonia fungi in each area is composed ubiquitous species of saprotophic fungi, such as A. botrytis, A, denudatus, P. moravecii, and P. petrakii, etc. Saprotrophic fungi Coprinus spp. colonize in each area and ectomycorrhizal fungi such as Hebeloma spp., etc. which only colonize in each area. The occurrence frequencies of ectomycorrhizal species in Australia, New Zealand, and Canada were lower than those of ectomycorrhizal fungi in Japan.
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