| Budget Amount *help |
¥42,770,000 (Direct Cost: ¥32,900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥9,870,000)
Fiscal Year 2019: ¥7,280,000 (Direct Cost: ¥5,600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,680,000)
Fiscal Year 2018: ¥10,530,000 (Direct Cost: ¥8,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥2,430,000)
Fiscal Year 2017: ¥12,090,000 (Direct Cost: ¥9,300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥2,790,000)
Fiscal Year 2016: ¥12,870,000 (Direct Cost: ¥9,900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥2,970,000)
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
We studied both evolutionary transitions to multicellularity and male and female dimorphism by conducting comparative biological analysis utilizing whole-genome information using "colonial Volvocales", which is the only extant lineage that can be experimentally studied in bot transitions. Research was started with the aim of clarifying the gene/genome level basis of these two evolutionary events.
From genome analysis, evolution of cell cycle and cytokinesis genes might have occured at the stage of 4 cells of this group and is involved in multicellular body formation. It was speculated that the single male-specific gene was important for the initial evolution of male and female (anisogamy) and expansion of the sex chromosomal region was involved in the acquisition of Volvox's male and female differentiation in sexual spheroid development. In addition, a correlation between multicellularization and evolution of sex-related traits was observed in colonial Volvocales.
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