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Research to realize the definition of the kilogram based on the fundamental constants

Research Project

Project/Area Number 16H03901
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

Allocation TypeSingle-year Grants
Section一般
Research Field General applied physics
Research InstitutionNational Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology

Principal Investigator

Kuramoto Naoki  国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所, 計量標準総合センター, 研究グループ長 (60356938)

Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) 大久保 章  国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所, 計量標準総合センター, 主任研究員 (30635800)
藤井 賢一  国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所, 計量標準総合センター, 首席研究員 (50357901)
水島 茂喜  国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所, 計量標準総合センター, 主任研究員 (60358091)
稲場 肇  国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所, 計量標準総合センター, 研究グループ長 (70356492)
藤田 一慧  国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所, 計量標準総合センター, 研究員 (80759952)
Project Period (FY) 2016-04-01 – 2019-03-31
Project Status Completed (Fiscal Year 2018)
Budget Amount *help
¥17,290,000 (Direct Cost: ¥13,300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥3,990,000)
Fiscal Year 2018: ¥1,950,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥450,000)
Fiscal Year 2017: ¥1,560,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥360,000)
Fiscal Year 2016: ¥13,780,000 (Direct Cost: ¥10,600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥3,180,000)
Keywordsキログラム / プランク定数 / アボガドロ定数 / 基礎物理定数 / 物理定数測定 / 標準 / 質量 / 光周波数制御 / 超精密計測
Outline of Final Research Achievements

The unit of mass, the kilogram, was defined by the mass of the International Prototype of the Kilogram in 1889. In order to realize the new definition of the kilogram based on a fundamental constant, an optical interferometer and other measurement apparatuses have been developed in this study. The apparatuses were used to measure the Avogadro constant with the smallest uncertainty to date.
In 2017, the CODATA determined a fixed value of the Planck constant used in the new definition. The value of the Planck constant deduced from the Avogadro constant determined in this study was used with those determined by other institutes. The new definition based on the fixed value of the Planck constant came into force on May 20th, 2019. The development in this study therefore made a crucial role in the realization of the new definition of the kilogram for the first time in 130 years.

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

本研究の成果は、130年ぶりとなるキログラムの定義改定に直接大きく貢献した。科学技術分野の根底を支える単位系のほとんどは、その多くが欧米を中心に構築されてきた。欧米以外の国が、世界共通の単位系の改定に決定的な役割を果たすのは、長い度量衡の歴史の中でも今回が初めてである。特に、本研究で実施したシリコン単結晶球体直径測定には、世界各国の国立標準研究機関が取り組んできたが、原子レベルの精度での測定に成功し、定義改定実施に決定的な役割を果たすことができたのは産総研とドイツ物理工学研究所のみであった。産総研による約130年ぶりとなるキログラムの定義改定への貢献は、正に歴史的な快挙である。

Report

(5 results)
  • 2018 Annual Research Report   Final Research Report ( PDF )
  • 2017 Annual Research Report
  • 2016 Annual Research Report
  • Products Report
  • Research Products

    (41 results)

All 2023 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 Other

All Int'l Joint Research (6 results) Journal Article (17 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 7 results,  Peer Reviewed: 16 results,  Open Access: 9 results,  Acknowledgement Compliant: 2 results) Presentation (15 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 9 results,  Invited: 4 results) Remarks (1 results) Patent(Industrial Property Rights) (2 results)

  • [Int'l Joint Research] オーストラリア計量研究所(NMIA)(オーストラリア)

    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] ドイツ物理工学研究所(PTB)(ドイツ)

    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] イタリア計量研究所(INRiM)(イタリア)

    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] ドイツ物理工学研究所(PTB)/イタリア計量研究所(INRIM)/オーストラリア計量研究所(NMIA)(ドイツ、イタリア、オーストラリア)

    • Related Report
      2017 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] ドイツ物理工学研究所(PTB)(Germany)

    • Related Report
      2016 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] イタリア計量研究所(INRIM)(Italy)

    • Related Report
      2016 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Volume Measurement of a 28Si-Enriched Sphere for a Determination of the Avogadro Constant at NMIJ2019

    • Author(s)
      Kuramoto Naoki、Zhang Lulu、Fujita Kazuaki、Okubo Sho、Inaba Hajime、Fujii Kenichi
    • Journal Title

      IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement

      Volume: 印刷中 Issue: 6 Pages: 1913-1920

    • DOI

      10.1109/tim.2018.2878072

    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Study on 28Si Single Crystal for the Future Realization of the Kilogram2019

    • Author(s)
      Shigeki Mizushima, Naoki Kuramoto, Kenichi Fujii, and Takahide Umeda
    • Journal Title

      IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement

      Volume: 68 Issue: 6 Pages: 1879-1886

    • DOI

      10.1109/tim.2018.2884044

    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] XPS study of silicon spheres as a density standard2019

    • Author(s)
      Zhang Lulu、Kuramoto Naoki、Kurokawa Akira、Fujii Kenichi
    • Journal Title

      Surface and Interface Analysis

      Volume: 51 Issue: 4 Pages: 400-407

    • DOI

      10.1002/sia.6594

    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] キログラムの新しい定義-さらばキログラム原器-2019

    • Author(s)
      倉本直樹
    • Journal Title

      化学と工業

      Volume: 72 Pages: 32-33

    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Self-weight effect in the measurement of the volume of silicon spheres2018

    • Author(s)
      D Mari, E Massa, N Kuramoto and G Mana
    • Journal Title

      Metrologia

      Volume: 55 Issue: 2 Pages: 294-301

    • DOI

      10.1088/1681-7575/aaaed5

    • Related Report
      2017 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Avogadro constant measurements using enriched 28Si monocrystals2018

    • Author(s)
      K Fujii, E Massa, H Bettin, Naoki Kuramoto and G Mana
    • Journal Title

      Metrologia

      Volume: 55 Issue: 1 Pages: L1-L4

    • DOI

      10.1088/1681-7575/aa9abd

    • Related Report
      2017 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] The CODATA 2017 values of h, e, k, and NA for the revision of the SI2018

    • Author(s)
      D B Newell, F Cabiati, J Fischer, K Fujii, S G Karshenboim, H S Margolis, E de Mirand P J Mohr, F Nez, K Pachucki
    • Journal Title

      Metrologia

      Volume: 55 Issue: 1 Pages: L13-L16

    • DOI

      10.1088/1681-7575/aa950a

    • Related Report
      2017 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] A comparison of future realizations of the kilogram2018

    • Author(s)
      Michael Stock, Kenichi Fujii, Kazuaki Fujita, Naoki Kuramoto, Shigeki Mizushima, Lulu Zhang ほか
    • Journal Title

      Metrologia

      Volume: 55 Issue: 1 Pages: T1-T7

    • DOI

      10.1088/1681-7575/aa9a7e

    • Related Report
      2017 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Determination of the Avogadro constant by the XRCD method using a 28Si enriched sphere2017

    • Author(s)
      Naoki Kuramoto, Shigeki Mizushima, Lulu Zhang, Kazuaki Fujita, Yasushi Azuma, Akira Kurokawa, Sho Okubo, Hajime Inaba and Kenichi Fujii
    • Journal Title

      Metrologia

      Volume: 54 Issue: 5 Pages: 716-729

    • DOI

      10.1088/1681-7575/aa77d1

    • Related Report
      2017 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Realization of the Kilogram Based on the Planck Constant at NMIJ2017

    • Author(s)
      N. Kuramoto, L. Zhang, S. Mizushima, K. Fujita, Y. Azuma, A. Kurokawa and K. Fujii
    • Journal Title

      IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas.

      Volume: 印刷中 Issue: 6 Pages: 1267-1274

    • DOI

      10.1109/tim.2016.2624878

    • Related Report
      2017 Annual Research Report 2016 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Acknowledgement Compliant
  • [Journal Article] Volume measurements of 28Si-enriched spheres using an improved optical interferometer for the determination of the Avogadro constant2017

    • Author(s)
      Naoki Kuramoto, Yasushi Azuma, Hajime Inaba and Kenichi Fujii
    • Journal Title

      Metrologia

      Volume: 54 Issue: 2 Pages: 193-203

    • DOI

      10.1088/1681-7575/aa5379

    • Related Report
      2017 Annual Research Report 2016 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] A new 28Si single crystal: counting the atoms for the new kilogram definition2017

    • Author(s)
      Guido Bartl, Kenichi Fujii, Kazuaki Fujita, Naoki Kuramoto, Shigeki Mizushima, Lulu Zhang ほか
    • Journal Title

      Metrologia

      Volume: 54 Issue: 5 Pages: 693-715

    • DOI

      10.1088/1681-7575/aa7820

    • Related Report
      2017 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Mass Measurement of 28Si-enriched Spheres at NMIJ for the Determination of the Avogadro Constant2017

    • Author(s)
      S. Mizushima, N. Kuramoto, L. Zhang and K. Fujii
    • Journal Title

      IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas.

      Volume: 印刷中 Issue: 6 Pages: 1275-1282

    • DOI

      10.1109/tim.2017.2653498

    • Related Report
      2017 Annual Research Report 2016 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Surface Layer Analysis of a 28Si-Enriched Sphere Both in Vacuum and in Air by Ellipsometry2017

    • Author(s)
      K. Fujita, N. Kuramoto, Y. Azuma, S. Mizushima and K. Fujii
    • Journal Title

      IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas.

      Volume: 印刷中 Issue: 6 Pages: 1283-1288

    • DOI

      10.1109/tim.2016.2634640

    • Related Report
      2017 Annual Research Report 2016 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Acknowledgement Compliant
  • [Journal Article] Thickness Measurement of Oxide and Carbonaceous Layer on a 28Si Sphere by XPS2017

    • Author(s)
      L. Zhang, N. Kuramoto, Y. Azuma, A. Kurokawa, N. Kuramoto and K. Fujii
    • Journal Title

      IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas.

      Volume: 印刷中 Issue: 6 Pages: 1297-1303

    • DOI

      10.1109/tim.2016.2634678

    • Related Report
      2017 Annual Research Report 2016 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Uniformity Evaluation of Lattice Spacing of 28Si Single Crystals2017

    • Author(s)
      A. Waseda, H. Fujimoto, X. W. Zhang, N. Kuramoto and K. Fujii
    • Journal Title

      IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas.

      Volume: 印刷中 Issue: 6 Pages: 1304-1308

    • DOI

      10.1109/tim.2016.2624838

    • Related Report
      2017 Annual Research Report 2016 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Realization of the kilogram by the XRCD method2016

    • Author(s)
      K. Fujii, H. Bettin, P. Becker, E. Massa, O. Rienitz, A. Pramann, A. Nicolaus, N. Kuramoto, I. Busch and M. Borys
    • Journal Title

      Metrologia

      Volume: 53 Issue: 5 Pages: A19-A45

    • DOI

      10.1088/0026-1394/53/5/a19

    • Related Report
      2016 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] 新しいキログラムの定義2019

    • Author(s)
      倉本直樹
    • Organizer
      平成30年度計量技術講演会
    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] 新たなキログラムの定義を導くためのシリコン単結晶球体形状測定2019

    • Author(s)
      倉本直樹
    • Organizer
      平成30年度長さクラブ講演会
    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] Volume measurement of a 28Si-enriched sphere for a determination of the Avogadro constant at NMIJ2018

    • Author(s)
      N. Kuramoto, L. Zhang, K. Fujita, S. Okubo, H. Inaba and K. Fujii
    • Organizer
      Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements 2018 (CPEM2018), 2018年7月, パリ(フランス)
    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Electron paramagnetic resonance study on 28Si single crystal for the future realization of the kilogram2018

    • Author(s)
      S. Mizushima, N. Kuramoto, K. Fujii and T. Umeda
    • Organizer
      Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements 2018 (CPEM2018), 2018年7月, パリ(フランス)
    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Characterization of vapor adsorption on the surface of Si spheres by ellipsometry2018

    • Author(s)
      K. Fujita, N. Kuramoto, S. Mizushima and K. Fujii
    • Organizer
      Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements 2018 (CPEM2018)
    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Comparison of lattice spacing between crystals by the self-referenced lattice comparator2018

    • Author(s)
      A. Waseda, H. Fujimoto, X. W. Zhang and K. Fujii
    • Organizer
      Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements 2018 (CPEM2018)
    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] 新たなキログラムを導くためのプランク定数精密測定2018

    • Author(s)
      倉本直樹, 藤井賢一
    • Organizer
      2018年精密工学会春季大会
    • Related Report
      2017 Annual Research Report
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] キログラムの定義改定に向けた白金イリジウム製質量標準の設定2017

    • Author(s)
      水島茂喜, 倉本直樹, 藤井賢一
    • Organizer
      第34回センシングフォーラム(計測自動制御学会主催)
    • Related Report
      2017 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] キログラムとモルの再定義のためのアボガドロ定数精密測定2016

    • Author(s)
      倉本直樹、水島茂喜、成川知弘、東康史、藤井賢一
    • Organizer
      第83回日本分析化学会有機微量分析研究懇談会
    • Place of Presentation
      いわて県民情報交流センター(岩手県、盛岡市)
    • Related Report
      2016 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Realization of the Kilogram Based on the Planck Constant at NMIJ2016

    • Author(s)
      N. Kuramoto, L. Zhang, S. Mizushima, K. Fujita, Y. Azuma, A. Kurokawa and K. Fujii
    • Organizer
      Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements 2016 (CPEM2016)
    • Place of Presentation
      Westin Ottawa Hotel (Canada, Otawa)
    • Related Report
      2016 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Mass Measurement of 28Si-enriched Spheres at NMIJ for the Determination of the Avogadro Constant2016

    • Author(s)
      S. Mizushima, N. Kuramoto, L. Zhang and K. Fujii
    • Organizer
      Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements 2016 (CPEM2016)
    • Place of Presentation
      Westin Ottawa Hotel (Canada, Otawa)
    • Related Report
      2016 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Surface Layer Analysis of a 28Si-Enriched Sphere Both in Vacuum and in Air by Ellipsometry2016

    • Author(s)
      K. Fujita, N. Kuramoto, Y. Azuma, S. Mizushima and K. Fujii
    • Organizer
      Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements 2016 (CPEM2016)
    • Place of Presentation
      Westin Ottawa Hotel (Canada, Otawa)
    • Related Report
      2016 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Uniformity Evaluation of Lattice Spacing of 28Si Single Crystals2016

    • Author(s)
      A. Waseda, H. Fujimoto, X. W. Zhang, N. Kuramoto and K. Fujii
    • Organizer
      Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements 2016 (CPEM2016)
    • Place of Presentation
      Westin Ottawa Hotel (Canada, Otawa)
    • Related Report
      2016 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] 28Si同位体濃縮結晶を用いた新たなキログラムの定義の実現2016

    • Author(s)
      倉本直樹、張ルウルウ、水島茂喜、藤田一慧、東康史、黒河明、藤井賢一
    • Organizer
      計測自動制御学会第33回センシングフォーラム
    • Place of Presentation
      近畿大学和歌山キャンパス(和歌山県、紀の川市)
    • Related Report
      2016 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Surface Layer Analysis of a 28Si-Enriched Crystal by XPS2016

    • Author(s)
      L. Zhang, N. Kuramoto, Y. Azuma, A. Kurokawa, N. Kuramoto and K. Fujii
    • Organizer
      7th International Symposium on Practical Surface Analysis (PSA-16)
    • Place of Presentation
      Hotel ICC in Daejeon (South Korea, Daejeon)
    • Related Report
      2016 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Remarks] 産業技術総合研究所 工学計測標準研究部門 質量標準研究グループ ホームページ

    • URL

      https://unit.aist.go.jp/riem/mass-std/

    • Related Report
      2018 Annual Research Report 2017 Annual Research Report
  • [Patent(Industrial Property Rights)] 光周波数掃引レーザ光源2023

    • Inventor(s)
      稲場 肇、大久保 章
    • Industrial Property Rights Holder
      国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所
    • Industrial Property Rights Type
      特許
    • Acquisition Date
      2023
    • Related Report
      Products Report
  • [Patent(Industrial Property Rights)] 光周波数掃引レーザ光源2020

    • Inventor(s)
      稲場 肇、大久保 章
    • Industrial Property Rights Holder
      国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所
    • Industrial Property Rights Type
      特許
    • Industrial Property Number
      2020-010693
    • Filing Date
      2020
    • Related Report
      Products Report

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Published: 2016-04-21   Modified: 2025-03-27  

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