新たに見つかった活動銀河核種族から暴く銀河と中心ブラックホールの共進化

• Project/Area Number: 16J00600
• Research Category: Grant-in-Aid for JSPS Fellows
• Allocation Type: Single-year Grants
• Section: 国内
• Research Field: Astronomy
• Research Institution: National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
• Principal Investigator: 市川 幸平 国立天文台, 光赤外研究部, 特別研究員(PD)
• Project Period (FY): 2016-04-22 – 2019-03-31
• Project Status: Completed (Fiscal Year 2017)
• Budget Amount: ¥4,420,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,400,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,020,000); Fiscal Year 2017: ¥1,430,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥330,000); Fiscal Year 2016: ¥1,560,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥360,000)
• Keywords: 活動銀河核 / 赤外線 / X線 / ブラックホール

Outline of Annual Research Achievements

本年度は、3つの研究を行った。
1つめは、「超巨大ブラックホールには質量の上限があるのか？」という問いに対する観測的研究である。超巨大ブラックホール (supermassive black holes; SMBHs) は活動銀河核 (active galactic nuclei; AGN) という非常に明るく輝く天体として観測されるが、SMBHの最大質量は概ね10^10太陽質量を超えたあたりであることがわかっている。つまり、SMBHはいったん10^10太陽質量になってしまったら、何かしらの理由でそれ以上太れなくなってしまうようである。理論研究によると、ガスはブラックホールまで落ちることなく、ほとんどの質量はoutflow/jetで外に放り出されてしまう。そこで、研究代表者はSDSSクエーサーカタログを用いて、ブラックホール質量ごとのジェットを出しているAGNの割合を求めてみたところ、10^9.3太陽質量を超えたあたりから、急激にジェットをもつAGNの割合が増えることを発見した。これは、上記の理論予測をサポートする初めての観測的結果となり、研究代表者が筆頭著者として、ApJに論文が出版された。また、2つ目の研究は、死につつあるAGNのダストトーラスの観測可能な期間についての結果がまとまり、研究代表者が筆頭著者としてApJに論文が出版された。また、研究代表者が昨年度取り組んだ、X線選択された活動銀河核の赤外線カタログを用いて、得られた赤外線光度から活動銀河核まわりのダスト立体角の見積もりを行った。また、その値をX線から示唆された立体角と比較したところ、X線から得られた立体角の方が平均的には必ず大きくなるという結果を得ることが出来た。X線から得られた立体角はダストとガスのいずれかをトレースする。そのため、活動銀河核の周辺には、ダストは存在しないものの、ガスで覆われた領域が存在することが示唆された。これらの結果は研究代表者が筆頭著者として、ApJに投稿を行った。

Research Progress Status

翌年度、交付申請を辞退するため、記入しない。

Strategy for Future Research Activity

翌年度、交付申請を辞退するため、記入しない。

Research Products

• [Int'l Joint Research] Columbia University/University of Texas at San Antonio/NASA(米国)
• [Int'l Joint Research] ETH Zurich(スイス)
• [Int'l Joint Research] Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile/Gemini Telescope/European Southern Observatory(Chile)
• [Int'l Joint Research] Seoul National University(韓国)
• [Int'l Joint Research] University of Texas at San Antonio/Columbia University/NASA Ames Research Center(米国)
• [Int'l Joint Research] Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile(Chile)
• [Int'l Joint Research] Centro de Astrobiologia/Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias(Spain)
• [Int'l Joint Research] ETH Zurich(Switzerland)
• [Int'l Joint Research] INAOE(Mexico)
• [Journal Article] Luminous quasars do not live in the most overdense regions of galaxies at z ~ 4 (2018)
  • Author(s): Uchiyama Hisakazu、Toshikawa Jun、Kashikawa Nobunari、Overzier Roderik、Chiang Yi-Kuan、Marinello Murilo、Tanaka Masayuki、Niino Yuu、Ishikawa Shogo、Onoue Masafusa、Ichikawa Kohei、Akiyama Masayuki、Coupon Jean、Harikane Yuichi、Imanishi Masatoshi、Kodama Tadayuki、Komiyama Yutaka、et al.
  • Journal Title: Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan Volume: 70 Issue: SP1 Pages: 32-46
  • DOI: 10.1093/pasj/psx112
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Quenching of Supermassive Black Hole Growth around the Apparent Maximum Mass (2017)
  • Author(s): Ichikawa Kohei、Inayoshi Kohei
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal Letters Volume: 840 Issue: 1 Pages: L9-L9
  • DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/aa6e4b
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] The Galaxy?Halo Connection in High-redshift Universe: Details and Evolution of Stellar-to-halo Mass Ratios of Lyman Break Galaxies on CFHTLS Deep Fields (2017)
  • Author(s): Ishikawa Shogo、Kashikawa Nobunari、Toshikawa Jun、Tanaka Masayuki、Hamana Takashi、Niino Yuu、Ichikawa Kohei、Uchiyama Hisakazu
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal Volume: 841 Issue: 1 Pages: 8-8
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aa6d64
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] The dusty tori of nearby QSOs as constrained by high-resolution mid-IR observations (2017)
  • Author(s): Martinez-Paredes M.、Aretxaga I.、Alonso-Herrero A.、Gonzalez-Martin O.、Lopez-Rodriguez E.、Ramos Almeida C.、Asensio Ramos A.、Diaz Santos T.、Elitzur M.、Esquej P.、Hernan-Caballero A.、Ichikawa K.、Nikutta R.、Packham C.、Pereira-Santaella M.、Telesco C.
  • Journal Title: Monthly Notices of Royal Astronomical Society Volume: 468 Issue: 1 Pages: 2-46
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stx307
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Cooling Timescale of Dust Tori in Dying Active Galactic Nuclei (2017)
  • Author(s): Ichikawa Kohei、Tazaki Ryo
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal Volume: 844 Issue: 1 Pages: 21-21
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aa7891
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Organized Autotelescopes for Serendipitous Event Survey (OASES): Design and performance (2017)
  • Author(s): Arimatsu Ko、Tsumura Kohji、Ichikawa Kohei、Usui Fumihiko、Ootsubo Takafumi、Kotani Takayuki、Sarugaku Yuki、Wada Takehiko、Nagase Koichi、Watanabe Jun-ichi
  • Journal Title: Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan Volume: 69 Issue: 4 Pages: 68-68
  • DOI: 10.1093/pasj/psx048
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] N uSTAR Hard X-Ray Data and Gemini 3D Spectra Reveal Powerful AGN and Outflow Histories in Two Low-redshift Lyα Blobs (2017)
  • Author(s): Kawamuro Taiki、Schirmer Mischa、Turner James E. H.、Davies Rebecca L.、Ichikawa Kohei
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal Volume: 848 Issue: 1 Pages: 42-42
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aa8e46
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] BAT AGN Spectroscopic Survey. I. Spectral Measurements, Derived Quantities, and AGN Demographics (2017)
  • Author(s): Koss, M. et al. (Ueda, Y.)
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal Volume: 850 Issue: 1 Pages: 74-74
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aa8ec9
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] BAT AGN Spectroscopic Survey. V. X-Ray Properties of the Swift/BAT 70-month AGN Catalog (2017)
  • Author(s): Ricci, C., Trakhtenbrot, B., Koss, M. J., Ueda, Y. et al.
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series Volume: 233 Issue: 2 Pages: 17-17
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4365/aa96ad
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Infrared polarimetry of Mrk 231: scattering off hot dust grains in the central core (2017)
  • Author(s): Lopez-Rodriguez, E., Packham, C., Jones, T. J., Siebenmorgen, R., Roche, P. F., Levenson, N. A., Alonso-Herrero, A., Perlman, E., Ichikawa, K., Ramos Almeida, C., Gonzalez-Martin, O., Nikutta, R., Martinez-Paredez, M., Shenoy, D., Gordon, M. S., Telesco, C. M.
  • Journal Title: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Volume: 464 Issue: 2 Pages: 1762-1770
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stw2491
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] The Complete Infrared View of Active Galactic Nuclei from the 70 Month Swift/BAT Catalog (2017)
  • Author(s): Ichikawa, K., Ricci, C., Ueda, Y., Matsuoka, K., Toba, Y., Kawamuro, T., Trakhtenbrot, B., Koss, M. J.
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal Volume: 835 Issue: 1 Pages: 1-19
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/835/1/74
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research / Acknowledgement Compliant
• [Journal Article] Investigating the dusty torus of Seyfert galaxies using SOFIA/FORCAST photometry (2016)
  • Author(s): Fuller, L., Lopez-Rodriguez, E., Packham, C., Ramos-Almeida, C., Alonso-Herrero, A., Levenson, N. A., Radomski, J., Ichikawa, K., Garcia-Bernete, I., Gonzalez-Martin, O., Diaz-Santos, T., Martinez-Paredes, M.
  • Journal Title: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Volume: 462 Issue: 3 Pages: 2618-2630
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stw1780
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] The complex evolutionary paths of local infrared bright galaxies: a high-angular resolution mid-infrared view (2016)
  • Author(s): Alonso-Herrero, A., Poulton, R., Roche, P. F., Hernan-Caballero, A., Aretxaga, I., Martinez-Paredes, M., Ramos Almeida, C., Pereira-Santaella, M., Diaz-Santos, T., Levenson, N. A., Packham, C., Colina, L., Esquej, P., Gonzalez-Martin, O., Ichikawa, K., Imanishi, M., Rodriguez Espinosa, J. M., Telesco, C.
  • Journal Title: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Volume: 463 Issue: 3 Pages: 2405-2424
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stw2031
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] The nuclear and extended mid-infrared emission of Seyfert galaxies (2016)
  • Author(s): Garcia-Bernete, I., Ramos Almeida, C., Acosta-Pulido, J. A., Alonso-Herrero, A., Gonzalez-Martin, O., Hernan-Caballero, A., Pereira-Santaella, M., Levenson, N. A., Packham, C., Perlman, E. S., Ichikawa, K., Esquej, P., Diaz-Santos, T.
  • Journal Title: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Volume: 463 Issue: 4 Pages: 3531-3555
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stw2125
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Complete infrared view of the Swift/BAT 70 month AGN catalog (2017)
  • Author(s): Kohei Ichikawa
  • Organizer: Quasars at all cosmic epochs
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] The complete IR view of the Swift/BAT 70 month AGN catalog (2017)
  • Author(s): Kohei Ichikawa
  • Organizer: Elusive AGN in the Next Era
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Discovery of a dying AGN in Arp 187 (2017)
  • Author(s): Kohei Ichikawa
  • Organizer: Unveiling the Physics Behind Extreme AGN Variability
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] What TMT/MICHI tells us on AGN and Black Holes (2017)
  • Author(s): Kohei Ichikawa
  • Organizer: TMT forum 2017: Beyond First Light
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Is there a maximum mass for supermassive black holes? (2017)
  • Author(s): Kohei Ichikawa
  • Organizer: East Asian Young Astronomers Meeting 2017
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] 3-500 um IR properties of the 70-month Swift/BAT AGN” (2017)
  • Author(s): Kohei Ichikawa
  • Organizer: 日本天文学会2017年春季年会
  • Place of Presentation: 九州大学 (福岡県福岡市)
• [Presentation] 3-500 um infrared properties of 70-month Swift/BAT AGN catalog (2016)
  • Author(s): Kohei Ichikawa
  • Organizer: Hidden Monsters 2016
  • Place of Presentation: Dartmouth college, New Hampshire, USA
  • Year and Date: 2016-08-08
• [Presentation] Science Cases of MICHI from AGN/BH physics group (2016)
  • Author(s): Kohei Ichikawa
  • Organizer: TMT/MICHI workshop
  • Place of Presentation: Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
  • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
• [Presentation] Key AGN Science Cases with MICHI (2016)
  • Author(s): Kohei Ichikawa
  • Organizer: TMT science forum 2016
  • Place of Presentation: Kyoto International Community House, Kyoto, Japan
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] AGN key science cases enabled by TMT/MICHI (2016)
  • Author(s): Kohei Ichikawa
  • Organizer: 銀河進化研究会2016
  • Place of Presentation: 東北大学 (宮城県仙台市)
  • Invited
• [Presentation] Discovery of a dead AGN in Arp 187 (2016)
  • Author(s): Kohei Ichikawa
  • Organizer: East Asia AGN workshop 2016
  • Place of Presentation: Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
  • Int'l Joint Research