Realization of a house that can be spent at home even after a disaster by introducing the compost toilet

Research Project

Project/Area Number	16K01334
Research Category	Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
Allocation Type	Multi-year Fund
Section	一般
Research Field	Natural disaster / Disaster prevention science
Research Institution	Nippon Institute of Technology
Principal Investigator	HIGUCHI YOSHIKI 日本工業大学, 建築学部, 准教授 (80644814)
Project Period (FY)	2016-04-01 – 2019-03-31
Project Status	Completed (Fiscal Year 2018)
Budget Amount *help	¥4,680,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,080,000) Fiscal Year 2018: ¥520,000 (Direct Cost: ¥400,000、Indirect Cost: ¥120,000) Fiscal Year 2017: ¥1,300,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥300,000) Fiscal Year 2016: ¥2,860,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥660,000)
Keywords	コンポストトイレ / 在宅避難 / 災害用トイレ / 糞便 / 太陽熱利用 / 震災
Outline of Final Research Achievements	The compost toilet for home evacuation was able to be produced experimentally at low cost with familiar materials. Moreover,it was found that the compact compost toilet for one person could be used as a disaster toilet until the sewer system was restored (roughly one month). In addition,it was possible to grasp the composting performance of the solar utilization composting toilet concretely.General composting toilets require thermal insulation in the winter, but it was found that if the composting tank is insulated and solar heat is taken in, composting performance is maintained even in the winter. This result is very useful for setting regional conditions where composting toilets can be introduced.
Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements	4人家族の標準世帯が据え置き型の小型コンポストトイレを震災の備えとして導入することで、断水復旧までの期間（約1ヶ月程度）について、トイレの継続利用が可能であることが示された。排泄環境が維持できることにより、在宅避難が可能となる。さらには、避難所の仮設トイレの負荷が軽減されるため、災害時の地域全体の排泄環境の改善にも寄与する。日本は、災害用トイレの備蓄率が非常に少なく、災害時の排泄環境を他人任せにしている状況がある。本研究により、災害用コンポストトイレをローコストで製作する可能性を示したことで、災害用トイレの備蓄率の向上につながることも期待できる。