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Rationalism and sentimentalism in the modern British Philosophy: Hume and the common sense school

Research Project

Project/Area Number 16K02134
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)

Allocation TypeMulti-year Fund
Section一般
Research Field Philosophy/Ethics
Research InstitutionInternational Christian University

Principal Investigator

Yajima Naoki  国際基督教大学, 教養学部, 教授 (10298309)

Project Period (FY) 2016-04-01 – 2021-03-31
Project Status Completed (Fiscal Year 2020)
Budget Amount *help
¥4,420,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,400,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,020,000)
Fiscal Year 2019: ¥1,040,000 (Direct Cost: ¥800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥240,000)
Fiscal Year 2018: ¥1,040,000 (Direct Cost: ¥800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥240,000)
Fiscal Year 2017: ¥1,040,000 (Direct Cost: ¥800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥240,000)
Fiscal Year 2016: ¥1,300,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥300,000)
Keywordsヒューム / 近代哲学 / 経験論 / 自然神学 / バトラー / 常識学派 / 蓋然性 / 合理論 / 自然宗教 / 思惟可能性 / 懐疑主義 / 自然主義 / 人格同一性論 / 魂論 / 理神論 / イギリス経験論 / イギリス近代哲学 / デーヴィッド・ヒューム / ジョゼフ・バトラー / 道徳哲学 / 道徳感覚 / コモン・センス / 宗教哲学 / 神の存在証明 / クラーク / スコットランド啓蒙思想 / 近代合理主義 / トーランド / イギリス哲学
Outline of Final Research Achievements

This study focused on the formation and the development of David Hume's philosophy. In particular, I discussed the influence of continental rationalism and moral sentimentalism on Hume's philosophy. I presented Hume not as a sceptic but as a critic of rationalism and natural theology. It became clear that the debates regarding natural theology by Samuel Clarke and Joseph Butler played a crucial role in forming Hume's naturalism, which led to the development of the experimental moral philosophy and common-sense philosophy of Thomas Ried.

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

ヒューム哲学は懐疑主義とみなされているが、懐疑主義の意義は、日常的な信念の重要性を裏付けることにある。とりわけ重要な日常的信念とは科学的知識というよりも、宗教的信念であり、ヒュームは懐疑主義によって健全な宗教的信念の哲学的基礎とともに、健全な宗教的信念が確保され、社会に共有される仕方として哲学的対話のモデルを提示した。
この研究では、これまで英国経験論はロックから始まり、ヒュームにいたる懐疑主義の展開の過程とみなされることが多かったが、ヒュームは懐疑主義を最終的な立場としたのではなく、情念論や道徳論では常識の立場を擁護し、リードによって展開される常識哲学の基礎を据えたとする見方を提示した。

Report

(6 results)
  • 2020 Annual Research Report   Final Research Report ( PDF )
  • 2019 Research-status Report
  • 2018 Research-status Report
  • 2017 Research-status Report
  • 2016 Research-status Report
  • Research Products

    (41 results)

All 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 Other

All Int'l Joint Research (8 results) Journal Article (13 results) (of which Open Access: 5 results,  Peer Reviewed: 5 results) Presentation (16 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 7 results,  Invited: 3 results) Book (1 results) Funded Workshop (3 results)

  • [Int'l Joint Research] Princeton Theological Seminary(米国)

    • Related Report
      2019 Research-status Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] The University of Edinburgh(英国)

    • Related Report
      2019 Research-status Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] University of Edinburgh(英国)

    • Related Report
      2018 Research-status Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] Princeton Theological Seminary(米国)

    • Related Report
      2018 Research-status Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] Princeton theological seminary(米国)

    • Related Report
      2017 Research-status Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] Edinburgh(英国)

    • Related Report
      2017 Research-status Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] Princetontheological Seminary(米国)

    • Related Report
      2016 Research-status Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] The University of Edinburgh(英国)

    • Related Report
      2016 Research-status Report
  • [Journal Article] ECSSS-ISSP Online Conference on Religion and Enlightenment in Eighteenth-Century Scotland2021

    • Author(s)
      矢嶋直規
    • Journal Title

      イギリス哲学研究

      Volume: 44 Pages: 101-105

    • NAID

      40022544843

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Open Access
  • [Journal Article] 翻訳と解題 ジョゼフ・バトラー『人格同一性論』2020

    • Author(s)
      矢嶋直規
    • Journal Title

      人文科学研究

      Volume: 52 Pages: 73-93

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Hume's Conceivability Principle2019

    • Author(s)
      Naoki Yajima
    • Journal Title

      Humanities: Christianity and Culture

      Volume: 51 Pages: 77-92

    • Related Report
      2019 Research-status Report
    • Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Colin Heydt Moral Philosophy in Eighteenth-Century britain: God, Self, andOther2019

    • Author(s)
      矢嶋直規
    • Journal Title

      イギリス哲学研究

      Volume: 42 Pages: 99-102

    • Related Report
      2018 Research-status Report
  • [Journal Article] 初期バトラーの思想形成:自然神学から道徳哲学へ2018

    • Author(s)
      矢嶋直規
    • Journal Title

      人文科学研究(キリスト教と文化)

      Volume: 50 Pages: 53-77

    • NAID

      120006595055

    • Related Report
      2018 Research-status Report
    • Open Access
  • [Journal Article] 2016年度、アメリカ・プリンストン神学大学滞在記2018

    • Author(s)
      矢嶋直規
    • Journal Title

      ピューリタニズム研究

      Volume: 12 Pages: 81-82

    • Related Report
      2017 Research-status Report
  • [Journal Article] Why did Hume not Become an Atheist?: the Influence of Butler of Hume's Dialogues2017

    • Author(s)
      Naoki Yajima
    • Journal Title

      Journal of Scottish Philosophy

      Volume: 15(3) Issue: 3 Pages: 249-260

    • DOI

      10.3366/jsp.2017.0171

    • Related Report
      2017 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] ヒューム哲学成立についての一考察:ヒュームとバトラー2017

    • Author(s)
      矢嶋直規
    • Journal Title

      哲学論集

      Volume: 46 Pages: 1-19

    • Related Report
      2017 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] 「神即自然」と「人間に固有の自然」2017

    • Author(s)
      矢嶋直規
    • Journal Title

      スピノザーナ

      Volume: 15 Pages: 47-68

    • Related Report
      2017 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] ジョン・トーランド『秘義なきキリスト教』、『セリーナへの手紙』2017

    • Author(s)
      矢嶋直規
    • Journal Title

      イギリス哲学研究

      Volume: 40 Pages: 86-87

    • Related Report
      2017 Research-status Report
  • [Journal Article] 「神即自然」と「人間に固有の自然」:ヒュームのスピノザ主義2017

    • Author(s)
      矢嶋直規
    • Journal Title

      スピノザーナ(スピノザ協会)

      Volume: 15 Pages: 47-67

    • NAID

      40021060712

    • Related Report
      2016 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] ヒューム哲学の成立についての一考察:ヒュームとバトラー2017

    • Author(s)
      矢嶋直規
    • Journal Title

      哲学論集(上智大学哲学会)

      Volume: 46

    • NAID

      120006364722

    • Related Report
      2016 Research-status Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] 書評 ジョン・トーランド 秘義なきキリスト教、セリーナへの手紙2017

    • Author(s)
      矢嶋直規
    • Journal Title

      イギリス哲学研究

      Volume: 40 Pages: 86-87

    • Related Report
      2016 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] バトラーとヒュームの魂論と人格同一性論2021

    • Author(s)
      矢嶋直規
    • Organizer
      近代英国哲学とキリスト教神学研究会
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] シンポジウム:近代とキリスト教 チャールズ・テイラー『世俗の時代』、趣旨説明2021

    • Author(s)
      矢嶋直規
    • Organizer
      国際基督教大学キリスト教と文化研究所特別講演会
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Probability and Conceivability in David Hume and Bishop Butler2020

    • Author(s)
      Naoki Yajima
    • Organizer
      ECSSS-ISSP Online Conference on Religion and Enlightenment in Eighteenth-Century Scotland
    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] 近代イギリス道徳哲学における名誉概念:導入2019

    • Author(s)
      矢嶋直規
    • Organizer
      日本倫理学会
    • Related Report
      2019 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] Hume's Conceivability Principle2019

    • Author(s)
      Naoki Yajima
    • Organizer
      The 6th International Forum of sino-Japanese PHilosophy
    • Related Report
      2019 Research-status Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Introduction to the dialogue between philosophy and theology in the Scottish Enlightenment2019

    • Author(s)
      Naoki Yajima
    • Organizer
      Dialogues between Philosophy and theology inthe Scottish Enlightenment
    • Related Report
      2019 Research-status Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] 初期バトラーの思想形成について2018

    • Author(s)
      矢嶋直規
    • Organizer
      バトラー研究会
    • Related Report
      2018 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] Butler and Hume on Nature2017

    • Author(s)
      Naoki Yajima
    • Organizer
      Center for the Study of Scottish Philosophy
    • Place of Presentation
      Princeton N.J., USA
    • Year and Date
      2017-03-10
    • Related Report
      2016 Research-status Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Some Butlerian Influence on Hume's Dialogues2017

    • Author(s)
      Naoki Yajima
    • Organizer
      Hume's Dialogues: Symposium, Center for the Study of Scottish Philosophy
    • Related Report
      2017 Research-status Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] Hume and Butler on Nature2017

    • Author(s)
      Naoki Yajima
    • Organizer
      Conference ‘Science in the Scottish Enlightenment’
    • Related Report
      2017 Research-status Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] Hume and Puritanism Studies in Japan2017

    • Author(s)
      Naoki Yajima
    • Organizer
      Luthean Theological Seminary at Gettysburg, Scholar's Meeting
    • Related Report
      2017 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] ヒューム『自然宗教対話』におけるバトラー=クラーク書簡の意義2017

    • Author(s)
      矢嶋直規
    • Organizer
      西洋思想受容研究会(国際基督教大学)
    • Related Report
      2017 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] Butler's Influence on Hume2016

    • Author(s)
      Naoki Yajima
    • Organizer
      Princeton Theological Seminary Visiting Scholars' Seminar
    • Place of Presentation
      Princeton N.J., USA
    • Year and Date
      2016-12-12
    • Related Report
      2016 Research-status Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] J・バトラーとヒュームの必然性概念をめぐる一考察2016

    • Author(s)
      矢嶋直規
    • Organizer
      京都ヘーゲル読書会
    • Place of Presentation
      京都教育文化センター(京都府京都市)
    • Year and Date
      2016-07-03
    • Related Report
      2016 Research-status Report
  • [Presentation] ヒューム道徳哲学の成立についての一考察:ヒュームとバトラー2016

    • Author(s)
      矢嶋直規
    • Organizer
      上智大学哲学会第84回大会
    • Place of Presentation
      上智大学四ツ谷キャンパス(東京都千代田区)
    • Year and Date
      2016-06-19
    • Related Report
      2016 Research-status Report
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] バトラー宗教論とヒューム道徳哲学2016

    • Author(s)
      矢嶋直規
    • Organizer
      第11回日本ピューリタニズム研究大会
    • Place of Presentation
      青山学院大学(東京都渋谷区)
    • Year and Date
      2016-06-18
    • Related Report
      2016 Research-status Report
  • [Book] 社会思想史事典2019

    • Author(s)
      社会思想史学会編
    • Total Pages
      856
    • Publisher
      丸善
    • ISBN
      9784621303412
    • Related Report
      2018 Research-status Report
  • [Funded Workshop] Philosophy and Theology in Scottish Philosophy2021

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
  • [Funded Workshop] Philosophy and Theology in Britain2021

    • Related Report
      2020 Annual Research Report
  • [Funded Workshop] Symposium: Dialogues between Philosophy and Theology in the Scottsh Enligtenment2019

    • Related Report
      2019 Research-status Report

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Published: 2016-04-21   Modified: 2022-02-21  

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